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M&M Test 4 > B6-088 Gangrene > Flashcards

B6-088 Gangrene Flashcards

1
Q

catalase positive cocci in clusters

A

staphylococcus

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2
Q

beta hemolytic cocci in chains

A

S. pyogenes (GAS)
S. agalactiae (GBS)

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3
Q

anaerobic gram positive bacilli [3]

A

clostridium
actinomyces
propionibacterium

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4
Q

anaerobic gram negative bacilli [4]

A

bacteriodes
fusobacterium
prevotella
prophyromonas

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5
Q

GAS diseases of skin [3]

A

impetigo
erysipelas/cellulitis
necrotizing fasciitis

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6
Q

systemic diseases caused by GAS [4]

A

bacteremia
rheumatic fever
acute glomerulonephritis
streptococcal TSS

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7
Q

raised, bright red plaques with sharply defined borders

A

erysipelas

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8
Q

allows typing of GAS into different strains

A

M protein

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9
Q

what virulence factor of GAS helps the bacteria to “hide” from immune system?

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

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10
Q

toxin that causes GAS to form a superantigen (causes Scarlet fever and TSS)

A

Spe

Streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxin

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11
Q

GAS virulence factor that helps the bacteria spread in tissues
can sometimes be inactivated or mutated

A

hyaluronidase

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12
Q

GAS virulence factor that activates plasminogen to dissolve clots

A

streptokinase

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13
Q

DOC for cellulitis caused by GAS [2]

A

penicillin, ceftriaxone

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14
Q

DOC for TSS caused by GAS

A

penicillin + clindamycin

to suppress toxin production via 50S ribosome inhibition

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15
Q

cause 80% of skin/soft tissue infections
causes septic shock with high mortality

A

staphylococcus

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16
Q

SSSS is caused by toxins […] and […]

A

ETA and ETB

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17
Q

sudden fever followed by headache, sore throat, diffuse red rash and skin desquamation
can progress to shock within 48 hrs

A

TSS (staphy)

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18
Q

opsonizes bacteria and enhances phagocytosis

A

C3b

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19
Q

catalase +
coagulase +
beta hemolytic
mannitol fermentation +

A

S. aureus

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20
Q

catalase +
coagulase -
ALP +
urease +
novobiocin susceptible

A

S. epidermis

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21
Q

catalase +
coagulase -
ALP -
urease +
novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

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22
Q

exogenous anaerobe
spore former

A

clostridium

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23
Q

places of heavy bacterial flora [2]

A

gingival crevice
colon

24
Q

aerobes or facultative anaerobes can colonize and deplete the oxygen, providing and opportunity for […] to colonize

A

anaerobes

25
Q

foul odor
sulfur granules
necrosis/abscess
previous antibiotic therapy

are all clues for [..]

A

anaerobic infection

26
Q

most common anaerobe isolated from human infection

A

B. fragilis

27
Q

bile resistant
bile-esculin agaar

A

B. fragilis

28
Q

2nd most common anaerobic bacteria causing infections
normally cause orofacial and pleuropulmonary infections [2]

A

prevotella
prophyromonas

29
Q

how to distinguish between prevotella and prophyromonas?

A

prevotella is saccharolytic (glucose fermentor)
prophyromonas is asaccharolytic

30
Q

bacteriodes is penicillin […]

A

resistant

31
Q

prophyromonas is vancomycin […]

A

sensitive

32
Q

prevotella is vancomycin […]

A

resistant

33
Q

[prevotella or prophyromonas]
growth on KV BAP

A

prevotella

is vanc resistant

34
Q

[prevotella or prophyromonas]
no growth on KV BAP

A

prophyromonas

35
Q

DOC for gram-negative anaerobes [2]

A

metronidazole
carbapenem

36
Q

DOC for P. acnes

A

benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin

37
Q

causes “lumpy jaw” abscesses

A

actinomycosis

38
Q

forms abscesses with sulfur granules
forms molar tooth colonies

A

actinomycosis

39
Q

treatment for actinomycosis

A

debridement + penicillin

40
Q

part of a group of bacteria that causes displacement of normal bacterial flora
fishy odor on Whiff test
clue cells

A

mobiluncus

41
Q

causes botulism

A

C. botulinum

42
Q

causes pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. difficle

43
Q

causes gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

44
Q

causes tetanus

A

C. tetani

45
Q

major toxins of C. botulinum

A

A, B, E, F

46
Q

major toxin of C. perfringens causing gas gangrene

A

alpha toxin

47
Q

major toxin of C. tetani

A

tetanospasmin

48
Q

inhibits nerve impulses causing flaccid paralysis

A

C. botulinum toxin

49
Q

resistant to penicillin and associated with intraabdominal abscesses

A

bacteriodes

50
Q

gram-negative
VancR
ferment glucose
sensitive to penicillin

A

prevotella

51
Q

how does the presence of bacteriodes support the growth of penicillin susceptible bacteria?

A

bacteriodes secretes beta-lacatamase

**need a beta-lactamase inhibitor like amoxicillin-clavulanate

52
Q

gram negative and grows in pairs (diplococcus)

A

N. gonorrhoeae

53
Q

TSS is caused by

A

TSST-1 (superantigen)

54
Q

main toxin of C. perfringens

A

alpha-toxin

does phospholipid hydrolysis causing cell lysis and tissue destruction

55
Q

SNAP-25 is affected by […] toxin

A

botulinum toxin

56
Q

VAMP is affected by […] toxin

A

tetanus

57
Q

what organ systems does nocardiosis affect?

A

skin
lungs
central nervous system

M&M Test 4 (14 decks)

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