B5 - Communicable diseases

Question 1

Communicable diseases

Answer 1

They are infectious diseases.

Question 2

agar gel

Answer 2

widely used solid (gel) culture medium used for growing microorganisms

Question 3

aphids

Answer 3

insects that penetrate the plant phloem and feed on the dissolved food. They act as plant pathogens and are also vectors that carry pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi into healthy plant tissue

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

reproduction by simple cell division, for example in bacteria

Question 5

chlorosis

Answer 5

the yellowing seen on the leaves of plants when they cannot make chlorophyll due to a lack of magnesium ions

Question 6

communicable (infectious) disease

Answer 6

disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from one organism to another

Question 7

culture medium

Answer 7

a liquid or gel used to support the growth of microorganisms or other cultures, often containing specific nutrients

Question 8

inoculate

Answer 8

introducing microorganisms to a culture medium, or introducing modified microorganisms into an individual to protect them against disease

Question 9

microorganisms

Answer 9

organisms that are usually single-celled and can only be seen using a microscope . They include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protists

Question 10

mutation

Answer 10

a change in the genetic material of an organism

Question 11

non-communicable diseases

Answer 11

are not infectious and cannot be passed from one organism to another

Question 12

pathogens

Answer 12

microorganisms that cause disease

Question 13

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Answer 13

transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person by unprotected sexual contact

Question 14

vaccine

Answer 14

dead or inactive pathogenic material used in vaccination to develop immunity to a disease in a healthy person

Question 15

virus

Answer 15

pathogens that are much smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells of other organisms

Question 16

Memory cells

Answer 16

Memory cells circulate in our blood, they have memory of pathogen(s) and if the pathogen has the same antigen then the immune system will tackle the pathogen with ease. (B cells produce these.)

Question 17

Vaccination

Answer 17

A vaccination is an inactivated infection, dead form of the pathogen, is injected into the victim which triggers the active immune response system which defends the victim from pathogens and foreign antigens.

Question 18

Herd immunity

Answer 18

Herd immunity is when a lot of people with vaccinations or with more immunity causing the virus (pathogen) to not spread to many people (others) who have not got immunity (vaccine).

Question 19

Why of herd immunity good?

Answer 19

Herd immunity is good as it saves many people and can strengthen people’s immune system.

Question 20

What physical defence responses are used to resist microorganisms?

Answer 20

Cellulose cell walls
Tough waxy cuticle on leafs
Layers of dead cells around Stena (bark on trees) which fall off

Question 21

What are Foxgloves used for?

Answer 21

If they are consumed, the predator will become poisoned.

Question 22

What are Thorns used for?

Answer 22

They are used to prevent and insects from climbing the stem and will pierce the insect when it comes into with it.

Question 23

What are Waxy surfaces used for?

Answer 23

It is used to prevent pathogens from entering the leaves via the stomata.

Question 24

Why do leaves fall off during autumn?

Answer 24

When leaves fall off, it clears leaves that has the potential to harm the plant.

Question 25

Why are organic fertilisers used?

Answer 25

They have high nutrients so they are used to increase the plant’s intake so they will not have any deficiency problems.

Question 26

What are the chemical plant defence response?

Answer 26

Antibacterial chemicals.

Poisons to deter herbivores.

Question 27

What are the mechanical adaptations of a plant?

Answer 27

Thorns and hairs to deter animals.
Leaves with droop or curl when touched.
Mimicry to trick animals.

Question 28

Signs of plant diseases or deficiency.

Answer 28

Stunned growth
Spots of leaves
Areas of decay (rot)
Growths
Malformed stems or leaves
Discolouration
The presence of pests~

Question 29

Plants can be damaged by a range of deficiency conditions these are…

Answer 29

Nitrate deficiency (stunned growth)
Magnesium deficiency (chlorosis)