B5 & B7 Non/ Comminicable diseases

Question 1

what is a pathogen

Answer 1

a pathogen is a microrganism that causes disease, virus, protests, bacteria and fungus

Question 2

what is a comminicable disease

Answer 2

a disease that can be spread to one person from another person, animal or object

Question 3

what is a non-communicable disease

Answer 3

a disease that can not be spread from person to person

Question 4

what are 4 types of pathogens and an example of disease

Answer 4

• virus: HIV, tabacco mosaic plant
• bacteria: salmonella, gonorrhea
• fungus: rose black spot plant
• protists: malaria

Question 5

how is the body adapted to stop the entry of pathogens

Answer 5

• skin: imperuable
• stomach acid: kills microrganisms
• trakea and bronchi: produce mucus to trap organisms
• nose, ear and eyelashes: hair to stop them
• tears: antimicrobical enzyme lysozyme

Question 6

how do white blood cells kill pathogens

Answer 6

-phagocytosis: engolf and destroy
- produces spersific antibiotics
- produce antitoxins which neutralize toxins

Question 7

how can pathogens enter the body

Answer 7

• mouth
• ears
• eyes
• nose
• through cuts / scabs

Question 8

what is non spersific defence system

Answer 8

the responce is immmediate and the same for each pathogen

Question 9

what is spersific defence system

Answer 9

response is slower and spersific to each pathogen

Question 10

how can pathogens be spread / prevented

Answer 10

1. food - cook food to kill microrganisms
2. air borne- cover nose/mouth, facemasks
3. sexual contact- use of condom
4. vector- mosquito nets, bug spray
5. direct contact - wash hands after toilet and cooking
6. blood - blood tests, giving/ recieving blood

Question 11

who was Ignaz semmelweis

Answer 11

he discovered puerpal fever could be drastically out by washing hands in clinics
- puerpal fever (infection of bacteria when giving birth)

Question 12

what is fungus

Answer 12

• eukaryotic organisms
• most multicecullar but can be single celled
• causes disease like athletes foot

Question 13

what are protests

Answer 13

• eukaryotic cells
• has a nuelcues
• causes malaria
• can be single multicellular

Question 14

what is a virus

Answer 14

• very small
• only repdoruce inside host cells

Question 15

what is bacteria

Answer 15

• comes in differnt shapes and sizes
• can mutiply rapidly
• release poison of toxins that make us feel ill

Question 16

what is measles

Answer 16

• is a virus
• spread by inhaling from coughs, sneezes
• symypons - fever, red, skin rash
• no treatment
• vaccines as a treatment

Question 17

what is HIV

Answer 17

• its a virus
• gotten through sexual contact
• treatment: aniretrovial, medicine
• prevention: HIV drugs, condom

Question 18

what is tabacco mosaic plant

Answer 18

• its a virus
• disease plant touching healthy plant
• symptons: different colouring, yellow sports
• no treatment

Question 19

what is salmonella

Answer 19

• its bacteria
• cannot be spread
• symptons: vomitting, cramps, fever
• treatment: antibiotics
• prevent: cooking food

Question 20

what is gonorrhea

Answer 20

• its bacteria
• sexually transmitted disease
• symptons: thick green or yellow discharge
• treatment: antibiotics
• prevent: condom

Question 21

what is a rose black spot plant

Answer 21

• its a fungus
• caused by infected leaves touching
• symptons: black/purple spots
• no treatment
• prevention: rake up all infected leaves and destroy all infected leaves

Question 22

what is malaria

Answer 22

• its protests
• cannot be spread
• symptoms: fever/flu, headache, tired
• treatment: medicine, vaccines
• prevention: insect reppelent

Question 23

how does bacteria and viruses make you ill

Answer 23

bacteria lets out thousands of toxins and powerful chemicals which damage all the other cells and therefore makes you ill