Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIR Test 4 > B5-047 Renal Drugs > Flashcards

B5-047 Renal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

recommended monotherapy for HTN in elderly

A

thiazides or ca+ channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what part of the tubule do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work on?

A

proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what part of the tubule do loop diuretics work on?

A

ascending loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what part of the tubule do thiazide diuretics work on?

A

DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what part of the tubule do Na+ channel inhibitors and aldosterone receptor antagonists work on?

A

collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main clinical applications for diuretics

A

heart failure (loop)
HTN (thiazide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

opthalmic preparation of carbonic anhydrases

2

A
  • brinzolamide
  • dorzolamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-amide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • used to treat glaucoma
  • both oral and topical preparations
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decreased total body HCO3- stores

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

used to treat:
metabolic alkalosis
alititude sickness
intracranial HTN
glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adverse effects

  • type 2 RTA
  • renal stones
  • renal potassium wasting
  • CNS effects
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

-amides

“acid” azolamide causes acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

loop diuretics

4

A
  • furosemide
  • bumetanide
  • torsemide
  • ethacrynic acid

-ide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • inhibit NKCC
  • abolish hypertonicity of medulla
  • prevent concentration of urine
A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cause increased Ca+ and Mg2+ excretion

A

loop diuretics

-ides

Loops Lose Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nonsulfonamide loop diuretic

A

ethacrynic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adverse effects:

  • ototoxicity
  • hypokalemia
  • hypomagnesium
  • dehydration
  • allergy (sulfa)
  • Alkalosis
  • Nephritis
  • Gout
A

loop diuretics

OHH DAANG

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

interact with NSAIDs

A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • cause hypokalemia
  • frequently combined with potassium sparing agent
A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

powerful stimulators of renin release

A

loop diuretics

-ides

may have to add beta blocker to counteract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most commonly used for relief of pulmonary edema

A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

used to treat:

  • HTN if thiazides don’t work
  • severe hyperkalemia
  • acute renal failure (increase urine volume)
A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which loop diuretic is most prone to causing ototoxicity?

A

ethacrynic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adverse effects

  • dehydration
  • hyponatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • ototoxicity
  • hyperuricemia/gout
  • allergic reactions
A

loop diuretics

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the early DCT
  • reduce the diluting capacity of nephron and reduce Ca2+ excretion
A

-thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

A

-thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

preferred as antihypertensive drugs in AA and elderly

A

-thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

enhance Ca2+ reabsorption due to increased Na+ gradient

A

-thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

adverse effects:

  • hyperuricemia
  • hypokalemia
A

-thiazides

30
Q

ineffective at low GFR

A

-thiazides

use loop diuretic instead

31
Q

effective treatment for:

  • HTN at low dose
  • CHF at high dose
  • nephrolithiasis
  • diabetes insipidus
A

-thiazides

32
Q

preferred -thiazide due to long half-life and proven reduction of CVD in clinical trials

A

low dose chlorthalidone

33
Q

adverse effects

  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hypercalcemia
A

-thiazides

hyperGLUC

34
Q

contraindicated in prediabetic patients and those with elevated lipid panels

A

-thiazides

due to adverse effects

35
Q

which are better antihypertensives: loop or thiazides?

A

-thiazides

36
Q

which have a better diuretic efficacy: loops or thiazides?

A

loop diuretics

37
Q

act in the ascending loop of Henle on NKCC transporter

A

loop diuretics

38
Q

act in DCT on NaCl transporter

A

-thiazides

39
Q

cause increased Ca2+ excretion

loops or thiazides

A

loops

40
Q

cause reduced calcium excretion

loops or thiazides

A

-thiazides

41
Q

effective at a low GFR

loop or thiazides

A

loop

42
Q

ineffective at a low GFR

loop or -thiazides

A

-thiazides

43
Q

two groups of potassium sparing diuretics

A

aldosterone antagonists
Na+ channel blockers

44
Q

-ones

eplerenone, spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonists

45
Q

Na+ channel blockers

2

A

amiloride
triamterene

46
Q

weak diuretics
but can be used to counteract hypokalemia caused by loops or -thiazides

A

potassium sparing diuretics

47
Q

often combined with thiazide or loop diuretics to minimize or prevent potassium depletion

A

potassium sparing diuretics

48
Q

aldosterone antagonists

2

A

eplerenone
spironolactone

49
Q

effective treatment for:

  • primary mineralcorticoid hypersecretion
  • secondary aldosteronism due to CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
  • Liddle’s syndrome
A

potassium sparing diuretics

50
Q

adverse effects

  • hyperkalemia
  • metabolic acidosis
  • gynecomastia
  • kidney stones
A

potassium sparing diuretics

51
Q

Spironolactone
Eplerone
Amiloride
Triamterene

A

potassium sparing diuretics

Keep your SEAT

52
Q

-vaptans

A

ADH antagonists

53
Q

used to manage SIADH when water restriction cannot correct the abnormality

A

ADH antagonists

-vaptans

54
Q

used in CHF when ADH is elevated due to low blood volume

A

ADH antagonists

-vaptans

55
Q

what should be monitored closely when using ADH antagonists?

A

serum Na+

can cause hypernatremia and DI

56
Q

osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol

prevents water reabsorption

57
Q

used for emergency reduction of ICP

A

mannitol

58
Q

first choice diuretics in heart failure

A

loop diuretics

59
Q

recommended for monotherapy of mild to moderate HTN

A

thiazides

60
Q

B1 selective blockers

B1 expressed in kidney and heart, 4

A
  • atenolol
  • betaxolol
  • bisprolol
  • metoprolol
61
Q

more effective for treatment of HTN in young and caucasians

A

B1 blockers

62
Q

drug of choice for CAD

A

b1 blockers

63
Q

normally combined with other antihypertensives to counteract:
* increased renin by thiazides/loops
* reflex tachy

A

b1 blockers

64
Q

why are b1 blockers not considered first line for HTN?

A

significant risk of new onset diabetes

65
Q

-flozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

66
Q
  • block glucose reabsorption
  • results in A1C reduction and weight loss
A

SGLT2 i

67
Q

increase secretion of uric acid in urine

A

URAT 1 inhibitors

68
Q

URAT 1 inhibitors

3

A
  • probenecid
  • silfinpyrazole
  • lesinurad
69
Q

used in patients will gout that do not respond to allopurinol or febuxostat

A

uricosuric drugs

70
Q

can cause kidney stones due to high uric acid

A

uricosuric drugs

71
Q

used for type 2 diabetes

A

SGLT2

72
Q

used for hyperuricosuria, gout

A

uricosuric drugs

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions