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GIR Test 4 > B5-037 Renal Physiology II > Flashcards

B5-037 Renal Physiology II Flashcards

1
Q

main area where a lot of reabsorption occurs

A

proximal tubule

70% of the ultrafiltrate

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2
Q

second stage for reabsorption

A

descending loop of Henle

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3
Q

capillaries of the second capillary bed of the portal system of the nephron

A

peritubular capillaries

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4
Q

path through the cell

A

transcellular

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5
Q

path between cells, across zona occludens

A

paracellular

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6
Q

all salt and water transport in the proximal tubule depends on the gradient generated by

A

Na/K/ATPase

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7
Q

damage of […] will greatly impair the reabsorptive function of the proximal tubule

A

Na/K/ATPase

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8
Q

segment involving concentrating or diluting urine

A

loop of Henle

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9
Q

secondary place for sodium reabsorption

A

ascending loop of Henle

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10
Q

important transporter at apical side of cells in ascending loop of Henle

A

Na/K/2Cl

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11
Q

furosemide inhibits […], impairing salt reabsorption in the loop of Henle

A

NKCC

causes diuresis

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12
Q

[…] is key for the capacity of the kidney to concentrate the urine

transporter

A

NKCC

loop of Henle

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13
Q

main hormone for regulation of sodium reabsorption

A

aldosterone

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14
Q

main target of aldosterone effects

A

sodium transport mechanism
(Na channel + NaKATPase)

distal tubule

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15
Q

increases sodium and water reabsorption, causing an increase in intravascular volume and high blood pressure

hormone

A

aldosterone

distal tubule

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16
Q

where in the nephron does aldosterone primarily exert its effects?

A

distal tubule

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17
Q

regulates water reabsorption in the collecting ducts

hormone

A

ADH

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18
Q

ADH binds to V2 receptors in the collecting duct causing the

A

phosphorylation of aquaporin2

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19
Q

higher expression of […] at the apical membrane of the collecting duct cells mediates water reabsorption

A

aquaporin2

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20
Q

low levels of ADH lead to intense

A

polyuria

less phosphorylation of AQ2

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21
Q

glucose and amino acids are absorbed 100% in the

A

proximal tubule

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22
Q

most Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the

A

loop of Henle

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23
Q

most important cation in determination of ECF osmolarity

A

sodium

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24
Q

main organ that maintains natriemia

A

kidney

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25
Q

thiazides inhibit […] in the distal tubule

A

NaCl costransporter

water not reabsorbed, more urine volume

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26
Q

apical sodium channel in collecting tubule

A

ENac

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27
Q

apical side transporters of proximal tubule

4

A
  • Na-glucose cotransporter
  • Na-amino acid co transporter
  • NaH antiporter
  • Na Channels
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28
Q

basolateral side transporters of proximal tubule

2

A
  • NaKATPase
  • Na-bicarb cotransporter
29
Q

apical side transporter of loop of Henle

A

NKCC cotransporter

30
Q

basolateral side transporter of loop of Henle

31
Q

apical side transporter of distal tubule

A

NaCl cotransporter

32
Q

basolateral side transporter of distal tubule

33
Q

apical side transporter of collecting duct

34
Q

basolateral side transporter of collecting duct

35
Q

follows Na+ and is regulated by the agents that regulate Na+

36
Q

postassium is mainly

intracellular or extracellular

A

intracellular

37
Q

sodium is mainly

intracellular or extracellular

A

extracellular

38
Q

main organ for excretion of potassium

39
Q

handling of K+ in the proximal tubule is mainly through

A

tight junctions

40
Q

main transporter for potassium in loop of Henle

41
Q

main factor that regulates potassium secretion

A

aldosterone

42
Q

basolateral calcium transporters throughout nephron

2

A

Na/Ca exchanger
CaATPase

43
Q

apical calcium transporter throughout nephron

A

Ca channel

44
Q

H2PO4 (phosphate) transport depends on

A

sodium

proximal tubule

45
Q

glucose is handled by the

A

proximal tubule

100%

46
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors cause glucose to be extreted through [transporter] on the basolateral side of the cell

A

GLUT 2

proximal tubule, loose glucose in urine

47
Q

beyond the level of maximal transport, the excess glucose in the ultrafiltrate will be

A

excreted

appears in urine

48
Q

when the mechanism of transport are saturated (maxima transport) […] appears in urine

49
Q

an excess of K+ in the diet will trigger excretion via

A

NaKATPase

principle cells of collecting ducts

50
Q

NKCC transporter in the loop of Henle is involved in [….] of K+

reabsorption or secretion

A

reabsorption

51
Q

in which segment of the nephron does tubular fluid have a greater osmolarity than plasma?

A

descending loop of Henle

52
Q

which segment gains salt and loses water as it passes through renal medulla?

A

descending loop of Henle

53
Q

in the distal tubule, tubular fluid is […] compared to plasma

hyper or hypotonic

54
Q

which part of the nephron has an osmolarity similar to plasma?

2

A

Bowman’s space
proximal tubule

55
Q

what causes glucosuria?

A

saturation of the mechanisms that transport glucose in the renal tubules

56
Q

all salt and water transport in the proximal tubule depens on the the sodium gradient generated by

57
Q

how does the glomerular tubular balance respond to an increase in GFR?

A

higher reabsorption of salt and water

58
Q

what mechanism plays a primary role in preventing salt waste?

A

glomerulotubular balance

59
Q

what contributes to the retention of uric acid in blood?

60
Q

furosemide inhibits what transporter?

61
Q

how would furosemide effect that fractional excretion of sodium?

A

increases FENa

62
Q

inhibits Na+/PO43- cotransport

in PCT

A

PTH

phosphate is excreted

63
Q

stimulates the Na+/H+ exchanger

in PCT

A

angiotensin II

increases Na, H20 and bicarb reabsorption

64
Q

passively reabsorbs H2O via medullary hypertonicity

A

descending loop of Henle

impermeable to water

65
Q

concentrating segment, makes urine hypertonic

A

descending loop of Henle

66
Q
  • reabsorbs Na+, K+, and Cl-
  • indirectly induces paracellular reabsorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ through K+ backleak
A

ascending loop of Henle

67
Q
  • reabsorbs Na+, Cl-
  • impermeable to H2O
  • makes urine hypotonic
68
Q

stimulates Ca2+/Na+ exchanger in DCT to promote Ca2+ reabsorption

69
Q

reabsorbs Na+ in exchange for secreting K+ and H+

A

collecting tubule

regulated by aldosterone

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

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