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RC Test 2 > B4.033 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

B4.033 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system

A

proveds a system for absorption of atmospheric oxygen into the blood vascular supply, and excretion of CO2 in to the atmosphere

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2
Q

what 4 things does the respiratory system help facilitate

A

Sense of smell

speech

acid-base balance

body temperature control

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3
Q

what are basal cells

A

esentially stem cells, mitotically acitve and produce neuronal cells throughout life

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4
Q

how long do neuronal cells live

A

30-60 d

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5
Q

describe neuronal cells

A

the apical region of neuronal cells faces mucosal surface; contains several modified cilia

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6
Q

how does olfaction work

A

an axonal projection extends from the basal region of neuronal cells and contacts neurons of the olfactory bulb in brain. Oflactory glands secrete a serous fluid containing odorant biding protein which binds to oderant molecules on surface of modified cilia. Secretions also contain lysozyme and secretory IGA.

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7
Q

identify what each arrow is pointitg to

A
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8
Q

what is the conduction system

A

component of respiratory system

Transports inspired and expired gases into and out of the lungs (nasal an oral cavities to trminal bronchioles)

* NO gas exchange

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9
Q

what is the respiration system

A

interface for passive exchange of gases with blood pulmonary acini consisting of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and avleoli)

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10
Q

what makes up the conducting system and the respiration system

A

conduction system: from teh nasal/oral cavities to the terminal bronchioles, inclusive.

Respiration system: Respiratory bronchiole, avleioli (gas exchange)

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11
Q

what does the pulmonary vein do

A

transports oxygenated blood back to the heart.

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12
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do

A

transports deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

what does the bronchial artery do

A

carry oxygenated blood, also follow the bronchial tree and supply branches to the wallls of the bronchi, arteries, veins and onnectinve tissue septa.

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14
Q

what is the deep (pulmonary) lymphatic plexus do

A

found around bronchi and bronchioles, blood vessels and septa. Links to the superficial lymphatic plexus and also drains into the hylum into main lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

identify what the arrows are pointing to

A
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16
Q

what are the black dots

A
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17
Q

identify where this slide is from and what each layer is

A
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18
Q

what is depicted here

A
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19
Q

what part of the respiratory system has mucous secretion

A

conduction system

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20
Q

where does the cartilage stop in the respiratory system

A

bronchioles, there is no cartilage here

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21
Q

what do 1, 2, 3 represent

A
  1. as bronchi become smaller, irregular cartilage plates are observed. The cartilage plates are surrounded by connective tissue fibers
  2. Bundles of smooth muscle fibers
  3. seromucous glands are observed in lamina propria with secretory acinin projecting beyond the layer of smooth muscle
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22
Q

what is depicted here

A

Motile cilia on apical surface of epithelial cells

no mucus pictured here

goblet cells (non ciliated)

Cilia

23
Q

what is the purpose of mucus

A

mucus protects the lung through mucociliary clearance of dust and othe small particulates, chemicals, and pathogens entering the lung.

24
Q

what is mucus made of

A

water, ions. and various macromolecules, some of which possess protective functions such as anti-microbial, anti-protease, and anti-oxidant activity

25
Q

what do goblet cells do

A

secrete mucus

26
Q

what provides structural support in the airways to help them stay open

A

cartilage and smooth muscle

27
Q

what does mucus do

A

traps gunk you dont want in your lungs and moves it back up to be spit out or swallowed

28
Q

where does the mucus usually lay

A

on top of the motile cilia

29
Q

what does cigarette smoking do with cilia

A

affects cilia, metaplasia happens and they dont beat as long or as rhythmically leading to cough and prevents ability to move things out

30
Q

what is the ciliary system called

A

mucociliary escalator

31
Q

identify structures in black

A
32
Q

why are there no mucus secreting glands below terminal bronchus

A

its hard to have gas exchange in an area with lots of mucus

33
Q

what is represented by the M and what are the open areas to the right

A

smooth muscle

alveoli

34
Q

what is represented by each letter

A

T - terminal bronchus

R - respiratory bronchus

A - alveoli

AD - alviolar duct sacs

35
Q

what are clara/club cells

A

surfactant secreting cells

decrease surface tension to prevent sacs from collapsing during exhaling

36
Q

describe clara cells

A

apical region of clara cells contains cytoplasmic dense secretory granules, mitochondria and numerous vesicles

37
Q

what ions do clara cells regulate

A

chloride

38
Q

what is IRDS caused by

A

lack of surfactant

39
Q

are clara cells ciliated

A

no

40
Q

where are club cells found

A

terminal and respiratory bronchioles

41
Q

what are the 4 cell types in the alveoli

A

Type 1 pneumocyte (alveolar epithelial cell)

Type 2 pneumocyte

Alveolar macrophage

capillary edothelium

42
Q

what is a type 1 pnuemocte

A

alveolar epithelial cell

thin cell, cytoplasm super thin

43
Q

which cell type covers the largest surface area lining the lumen

A

type 1 pneumocyte

44
Q

what is a type 2 pneumocyte

A

taller, granulous cell that secretes surfactant

45
Q

how are type 2 pneumocytes different from club cells

A

secrete a lot more surfactant and have more granules in cytoplasm

46
Q

what is an alveolar macrophage

A

phagocytoses and degrades old surfactant or infectous material not caught upstream

47
Q

Identify each cell type in this picture

A

bottom - alveolar endothelial cell

48
Q

what are the most prevalent cell type in the septae of the alveoli

A

alveolar endothelial cells

49
Q

identify type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes from this drawing

A
50
Q
A

P1 - type 1 pneumocyte

P2 - type 2 pneumocyte

M - macrophage

C - capillaries lined by endothelial cells

51
Q

identify the alveolar cells, basal laminae and capillary endothelial cell

A

left - type 1 alveolar

middle - basal laminae

right - capillary endothelial cell

52
Q

what cell type is this

A

Type 2 alveolar cell

Surfactant secreting

53
Q

what is silicosis

A

fibrosis of the lung due to excess silica inducing macrophages to release chemical agents

54
Q

what are these

A

surfactant granules in type 2 pneumocytes

RC Test 2 (19 decks)

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