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RC Test 2 > B4.020 - Cell Bio and Histology of Vascular System > Flashcards

B4.020 - Cell Bio and Histology of Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what do pericytes do in the capillaries

A

these cells allow endothelial cells to multiply and form branches, processes critical for blood vessel growth and repair

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2
Q

what is a key mediator of vessel growth

A

hypoxia

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3
Q

what type of vessel is this

A

fenestrated capillary

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4
Q

what allows for continuous capillaries to transport anionic proteins out of blood stream

A

plasmalemmal vesicles are neutrally charged allowing for transcytosis

caveolae are coated with cytoplasmic surfaces in protein, caveolin

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5
Q

what are capillaries

A

thin tubes consisting only of endothelial cells and their basement membranes. Small diameter permitting passage of 1 RBC at a time

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6
Q

identify the structures with arrows

A
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7
Q

describe the 3 tunics of veins

A

distinction between t media and t adventitia often unclear and a distinct internal elastic lamina is usually absent

T media is thinner than that found in arteries of same diameter

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8
Q

in the case of chronic cell injury what to pericytes do

A

dedifferentiate into myofibroblast like cells, which are responsible for overproduction of ECM that can lead to fibrosis

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9
Q

how do large elastic arteries sustain continuous blood flow despite intermittend pumping of heart

A

their walls ditend during systole and recoil during diastole

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10
Q

what is vasculogenesis

A

creation of a new vascular network

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11
Q

describe tunica externa

A

connective tissue (large vessels have vasa vasorum, neural tissue)

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12
Q

what is the arrow pointing to

A

arteriole

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13
Q

identify the 3 types of capillaries

A
  1. continous
  2. fenestrated
  3. discontinuous
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14
Q

what are the arrows pointing to

A
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15
Q

describe blood pressure and vascular anatomy

A
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16
Q

what are caveolae

A

found in continuous capillaries

help with transport of substances through the cytoplasm in bidirectional pathway (transcytosis)

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17
Q

describe medium sized arteries

A

muscular arteries

compared with elastic arteries, often see a prominent internal elastic lamina. Also in tunica media there are a fewer elastic sheaths but more prevalent smooth muscle fibers. An external elastic lamina also commonly seen

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18
Q

what type of blood vessel is this

A

medium artery

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19
Q

how do veins prevent reflux of blood

A

they have valves

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20
Q

what is an atheroma

A

when lipids are taken up by macrophages in the tunica intima and fibroblasts of the subendothelial space proliferates

macrophages produce IL-1 and TNF alpha to recruit leukocytees into the atheroma space.

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21
Q

what is angiogenesis

A

sprouting from an existing network

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22
Q

what are pericytes

A

contractile cells surrounding some capillaries and post cap venules thought to regulate blood flow.

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23
Q

how does hypoxia lead to vessel growth

A
24
Q

what are these

A

fenestrae with diaphragms

25
Q

what vessel type regulates the distribution of blood to different capillary beds by vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

resistance vessels - arterioles

26
Q

what are HIF target genes

A

VEGF

VEGFRs

EPO

GLUT

27
Q

what are the arrows pointing to

A

thin discontinuous basement membranes

28
Q

what are things to look for to identify arteries from veins

A

arteries are symmetric, veins are not

arteries have more smooth muscle layers

29
Q
A
30
Q

what are the arrows pointing to

A

top 2 arterioles

bottom - lymph vessel

31
Q

describe tunica media

A

concentric layers of smooth muslce, collagen fibers. discontinuous plates of elastic sheaths

32
Q

what are discontinuous capillaries

A

have overt gaps between endothelial cells

33
Q

where is the preferred site of leukocyte egress from blood across vessel walls

A

veins, post capillary venule

34
Q

identify the type of capillary

A

continuous

35
Q

what are the arrows pointing to

A

lemphatic vessel with valve

36
Q

identify the type of capillary

A

fenestrated

37
Q

what is depicted here

A

caveolae

38
Q

what can loss of pericytes cause

A

if lost in CNS increase permeability of blood brain barrier and contributes to neurodegenerative disease

39
Q

what is this

A

fenestrae without diaphragms

40
Q

describe tumor angiogenesis

A

tumors that get larger requires more oxygen and secretes agiogenic factors that stimulate migration, proliferation, neovessel formation by endothelial cells

41
Q

what type of blood vessel is this

A

large elastic artery

42
Q

what is depicted here

A

diapedesis

43
Q

where are discontinuous capillaries found

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow

44
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

sites of fluid transport

Intestine

kidney

45
Q

what types of plasma proteins are present in plasma

A

albumin (70%)

gamma globunins (Abs)

fibrinogen

46
Q

identify the type of capillary

A

discontinuous

47
Q

describe the tunica intima

A

lining of endothelial cells, subendothelial basement membrane and loose connective tissue, dense layer of elastic fibers

48
Q

where are continuous capillaries found

A

muslce, brain, thymus, lungs

areas where gas exchange is tightly regulated

49
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries

A

continuous

fenestrated

discontinuous

50
Q

what are the resistance vessels

A

arterioles

51
Q

what are fenestrated capillaries

A

have pores or fenestrae in endothelium

52
Q

what do vasculogenesis and angiogenesis both require

A

VEGF

53
Q

what is the triangle and arrow pointing to

A

triangle - pericyte

arrow - venule

54
Q

what are continuous capillaries

A

Capillaries with no overt gaps or fenestrae. Pericytes (modified smooth muslce cells) can occur between endothelium and basement membrane

55
Q

major blood vessels

A

large elastic artery medium muscular artery small artery arteriole capillary venule medium and large veins

RC Test 2 (19 decks)

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