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UK GCSE Biology > B4 Photosynthesis and Limiting Factors > Flashcards

B4 Photosynthesis and Limiting Factors Flashcards

1
Q

Equation of photosynthesis

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen

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2
Q

Chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6o2

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3
Q

What do plants use glucose for?

A 
Respiration (into other useful sustances)
Making cellulose
Making Amino Acids
Stored as oils or fats (for seeds)
Stored as starch
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4
Q

What is the rate of a reaction controlled by?

A

Limiting Factors

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5
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Light
CO2
Temperature
(Chlorophyll)

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6
Q

In Photosynthesis more light means?

A

Faster rate of photosynthesis, over a certain point that just plateaus

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7
Q

In Photosynthesis more CO2 means?

A

Faster rate of photosynthesis, over a certain point that just plateaus

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8
Q

In Photosynthesis more temperature means?

A

Faster rate of photosynthesis, however over a certain point the enzymes are denatured and this causes a sudden fall in the rate.

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9
Q

In Photosynthesis more chlorophyll means?

A

The rate of photosynthesis is much faster

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10
Q

At which temperature do the enzymes in plants (for photosynthesis) generally get denatured?

A

Around 45°

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11
Q

What practical do we do to test rate of photosynthesis?

A

Canadian pondweed practical

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12
Q

What happens in the Canadian pondweed practical?

A

Pondweed and water are put in a tube with different limiting factors (ie: with or without a light at different distances/ intensities from the weed). Someone then calculates, either by eye or with a syringe, how much oxygen is released by the weed.

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13
Q

In the canadian ponweed practical what is the relation between distance from the light and light intensity?

A

They are inversely propotional

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14
Q

What is the inverse square law if light intensity is inversely proportional to distance?

A

light intensity ∝ 1/(d)^2

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15
Q

Advantages to a greenhouse

A 
Very hot
Can have artificial light
Control over conditions (such as CO2)
Easy to remove pests and diseases
Fertilisers and minerarals are easy to add
Grow faster
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16
Q

Disadvantages to a greenhouse

A

Can get too hot
VERY EXPENSIVE
Need to add minerals which are not present
Need to calculate the amount of resources needed perfectly

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17
Q

Define Respiration

A

Respiration is the process of TRANSFERING ENERGY from GLUCOSE, which goes into EVERY cell

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18
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic

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19
Q

What is energy from respiration used for?

A 
Breaking down large molecules
Contracting muscles (in animals)
Maintaining body temperature (in mammals and birds)
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20
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The sum of all the reactions that happen in a cell or body

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21
Q

Define aerobic respiration

A

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

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22
Q

Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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23
Q

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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24
Q

Define anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration in the absence of oxygen

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25
Q

Write the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration (in animals)

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

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26
Q

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration (in animals)

A

Glucose -> Lactic Acid

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27
Q

Which type of respiration is more effective?

A

Aerobic respiration because unlike anaerobic resperation, it is fully oxidising

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28
Q

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration (in yeast and plants)

A

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

29
Q

Write the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration (in yeast and plants)

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + CO2

30
Q

What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast?

A

Fermentation

31
Q

What is Oxygen debt?

A

After anaerobic respiration you need extra oxygen that will react with the lactic acid to get rid of it

32
Q

Where in a plant does photosynthesis take place?

A

Primarily the leaves - in chloroplasts

33
Q

Define Endothermic reaction

A

(Cold to touch)

More energy is absorbed than released

34
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

35
Q

What is produced when glucose molecules combine with nitrate ions?

A

Amino Acids

36
Q

Why do plants store some glucose in starch?

A

So that they have stores for when they need them

37
Q

What effect would a low carbon dioxide concentration have on photosynthesis?

A

The reaction will not have enough carbon dioxide and it will be used up quite quickly. The reaction will then stop.

38
Q

What effect would temperatures above 45 have on photosynthesis?

A

The temperature would be too high and would make the rate of photosynthesis plummet.

39
Q

How do we lower the temperature in a greenhouse?

A

Ventilation

Creating Shades

40
Q

How do we increase carbon dioxide levels in a greenhouse?

A

Burning natural gas

41
Q

Define Exothermic reaction

A

The reaction releases more energy than it has absorbed

42
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes in every cell

43
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic

44
Q

Which organisms respire?

A

All organisms

45
Q

What do organisms do with the energy they get from respiration?

A

Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
(In animals) it’s used to allow muscles to contract
(In mammals and birds) it is used to maintain body temperature in changing surroundings

46
Q

What controls the chemical reactions in the body?

47
Q

How are starch, glycogen and cellulose made in the body?

A

Lots of small glucose molecules are joined together

48
Q

How are lipid molecules made in the body?

A

One molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

49
Q

How are amino acids made in the body?

A

Glucose is combined with nitrate ions

50
Q

How is urea made in the body?

A

Excess protein is broken down

51
Q

How is glucose used in the body?

A

Broken down in respiration

52
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The sum of the total reactions that happen in a cell or the body is called its metabolism

53
Q

Define aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using oxygen

54
Q

What are the advantages to aerobic respiration?

A

Most efficient form of respiration

55
Q

Where does respiration occur in cells?

A

Mitochondria

56
Q

Symbol equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

57
Q

Word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

58
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in organisms?

A

Glucose -> Lactic Acid

59
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The incomplete breaking down of glucose, making lactic acid

In the absence of oxygen

60
Q

When is anaerobic respiration used?

A

In emergencies, when there is not enough oxygen

61
Q

What reaction makes ethanol?

A

Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

62
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

A

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

63
Q

What is the fermentation of yeast useful for?

A

Bread

Alcoholic Drinks

64
Q

What makes bread rise?

A

Carbon Dioxide in anaerobic respiration

65
Q

Why do we breathe heavier in excercise?

A

We need to respire more and therefore need more oxygen

We also need to get rid of CO2 and lactic acid

66
Q

What is muscle fatigue?

A

When the muscle gets tired and then stop contracting efficiently

67
Q

Describe Oxygen Debt

A

Oxygen needed after sport when there has been anaerobic respiration

68
Q

What is oxygen debt needed for?

A

To react with the build up of lactic acid and remove it from cells to form CO2 and Water

69
Q

What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

A

It is converted back to glucose

UK GCSE Biology (9 decks)

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