B4. Organising animals and plants definitions

Question 1

Aorta

Answer 1

The artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse.

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

The smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick.

Question 4

Guard cells

Answer 4

Surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing.

Question 5

Phloem

Answer 5

The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant.

Question 6

Plasma

Answer 6

The clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body.

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

The clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body.

Question 8

Red blood cells.

Answer 8

Biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen around the body in the blood.

Question 9

Transpiration

Answer 9

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis. It involves evaporation from the surface of the cells and diffusion through the stomata.

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry deoxygenated blood and have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 11

Ventricles

Answer 11

Chambers of the heart that contract to force blood out of the heart

Question 12

White blood cells

Answer 12

Blood cells involved in the immune system of the body. They engulf pathogens and make antibodies and antitoxins.

Question 13

Xylem

Answer 13

The non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots.