B1. Cell Structre and Transport Definitions Flashcards
Active transport
The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.
Bacteria
Single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Cell membrane
The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell.
Cell wall
The rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell.
Diffusion
The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.
Mitochondria
The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.
Nucleus
Organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water|) down a concentration gradient.
Cytoplasm
The water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place
Chloroplasts
The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
Chlorophyll
The green pigment contained in the chloroplasts
Organelle
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Partially permeable memebrane
A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through.
Phloem
The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant.
Sperm
The male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic material from the male parent.
Stomata
The openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guard cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaf.
Xylem
The non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots.
Ventilated
The movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills.
Algae
Simple aquatic organisms (protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis.
Alveoli
They are tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.
Photosynthesis
The process of making soluable foods from carbon dioxide and water.
