B1. Cell Structre and Transport Definitions

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell.

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

The rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell.

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water|) down a concentration gradient.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

The water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

The green pigment contained in the chloroplasts

Question 12

Organelle

Answer 12

Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 13

Partially permeable memebrane

Answer 13

A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through.

Question 14

Phloem

Answer 14

The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant.

Question 15

Sperm

Answer 15

The male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic material from the male parent.

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

The openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guard cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaf.

Question 17

Xylem

Answer 17

The non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots.

Question 18

Ventilated

Answer 18

The movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills.

Question 19

Algae

Answer 19

Simple aquatic organisms (protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis.

Question 20

Alveoli

Answer 20

They are tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

The process of making soluable foods from carbon dioxide and water.