B4 Organising animals and plants Flashcards
What are the parts of the heart
The Aorta, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary vein, vena cava, Right and left atriums, right and left ventricles and the valves
Of the top arteries and veins which go to or come from other places
Aorta - To the body
Pulmonary artery - To the lungs
Vena cava - From the body
Pulmonary vein - From the lungs
What do arteries do
Carry blood away from the heart to your organs. They have thick walls, a thick muscle and elastic fibre layer and a small lumen. Arteries stretch as blood is forced through them.
What do capillaries do
Capillaries form a huge network of tiny vessels linking arteries and veins throughout the body. They have walls a single cell thick and have a narrow lumen. This enables substances to diffuse out of the blood in the capillaries into other cells and vice versa.
What do veins do
Veins carry blood away from the organs to the heart. They have thin walls, valves and a large lumen. Valves protect from back flow of blood and open to allow blood through. Skeletal muscle actions squeeze blood through the veins.
What are artificial hearts
Temporary hearts that support your natural heart until a transplant can take place
What are stents
Metal mesh that open up the blood vessel and releases drugs treating clots and some disease
What are statins
A pill to reduce blood cholesterol levels slowing down the rate at which fatty materials are deposited into the coronary artery
What are mechanical valves and how do they fix leaky valves
Leaky valves are when blood leaks back through the valve, mechanical valves act as regular functioning valves replacing the leaky valves
What are artificial pacemakers
They are a mechanical replacement to your natural pacemaker so it controls your heart’s bpm. It does this through electrical impulses.
Which side of the heart does the pulmonary artery start from
The right ventricle side (the left side as we see it)
Which side of the heart does the aorta start from
The left ventricle side (the right side as we see it)
What are some adaptations Alveoli have made
Thin walls so air and blood have a short distance to diffuse. Spherical shape for greater surface area. Air coming in and out maintains a steep concentration gradient for diffusion.
What does xylem do
Transports water and minerals around the plant through passive transport.
What does phloem do
Transport organic products (like sugars) through transpiration.
