B3 Organisation And Digestive System Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure
What is an organ
A collection of tissues
What is an organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function within the human body
So what makes up an organism
Cell, tissues, organs and organ systems (in order of smallest to largest)
Parts of the digestive system
Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Structure source and function of protein
Structure: Long chain of amino acids
Source: Meat, fish, eggs, nuts beans
Function: Helps muscles, basis of all enzymes, hormones
Structure source and function of short chain carbohydrates
Structure: Short chain glucose
Source: Chocolate, lucozade, haribo
Function: Quick energy release
Structure source and function of long chain carbohydrates
Structure: Long chain starch
Source: Potatoes, rice, pasta, bread
Function: Long energy release, Energy storage
Structure source and function of lipids
Structure: Fatty acids and Glycerol
Source: Lard, meat, oil and butter
Function: Energy store, cell membrane
What are enzymes
Large 3D molecules that act as biological catalysts (speed up reactions) meaning they control your metabolism
How do enzymes work
The enzyme has a specific active site which fits the specific substrate, substrate splits and leaves the product detached from the active site allowing the enzyme to be used again.
When testing for starch what colour will the food go if starch is present
Blue-black
When testing for sugar what colour will the food test if sugar is present
Brick red
When testing for lipids what colour will the food turn if lipids are present
A cloudy white layer will form at the top
When testing for protein what colour will the food turn if protein is present
Purple
What is the equation for rate
Rate= X (any variable) divided by time
What enzyme digests carbohydrates
Amylase does. Amylase is produced in your salivary glands and catalyses your body’s reaction with starch .
What enzyme digests proteins
Protease does. The breakdown of protein happens in the stomach and small intestine.
What enzyme digests lipids
Lipase does. The breakdown of fatty acids and glycerol happens in the small intestine but lipase is produced in the pancreas.
What does chopping food in the mouth do to benefit digestion
It increases surface area of food for enzymes
What do the salivary glands do
Produce amylase to break down starch into simple sugar
What does the oesophagus do
Through peristablisis it pushes food into the stomach
What does the stomach do
Has stomach acids creating the right pH for protease to work at to break down protein
What does the liver do
Breaks up fat with bile and mixes with liquids in emulsification
What does the pancreas do
Has hormones that control the glucose levels in the blood
What does the small intestine do
Keeps food moving. Last enzymes break food into small molecules which enter the blood.
What does the large intestine do
Solidifies the indigestible food left to be passed through the anus
Carbohydrase’s substrate is…
Starch
Protease’s substrate is…
Protein
Lipase’s substrate is…
Lipids
How are enzymes biological catalysts
They speed up/control the speed of chemical reactions in the digestive system
How do enzymes work
They have an active site, when the correct substrate of the food comes along, only that substrate will fit in the active site. After the reaction is done the substrate product leaves and the active site can be used again.
