B1 Cell Structure Flashcards
Chloroplast function
Absorbs light for Photosynthesis
Mitochondria function
Releases energy through respiration
Cell membrane function
Contols movement of substances in and out of a cell
Ribosomes function
Protein synthesis, where protein is made
Vacuole function
Helps keep cell rigid
Nucleus function
Controls cell activities. Contains genetic information needed for new cells to be made.
Cell wall function
Strengthens cell, gives it support.
Cytoplasm function
Suspended organelles. Where most chemical reactions needed for new life happens.
Which cell parts are only in plant cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts and permanent vacuoles
What are the parts of the microscope?
Eyepiece lens, nosepiece, coarse focus adjustment, fine focus adjustment, clip, stage height adjustment, light source, condenser, diaphragm lever, stage, objective lens
Focus is…
How sharp the image appears
Eyepiece lens is…
Lens nearest the eye
Magnification is…
The image size compared to the object size
Objective lens is…
Lens nearest the object
The stain is…
Chemical used to colour the specimen
Resolution is…
The ability to distinguish between 2 separate points. The level of detail shown.
Microscopy calculation is…
/observed cell \
/ Size \
/—————-\
/Actual \
/cell X Magni-\
/size fication\
Prokaryotic cells are…
Cells with no nucleus. Mainly bacteria.
Eukaryotic cells are…
Plant and animal cells. “Regular” cells.
Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells…
Prokaryotic = Uni-cellular
Have plasmid
Bacteria
Eukaryotic = Multi-cellular
Have Nucleus
Fungal, plant and animal
Nerve cell function and structure
Specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body
- Long axon, carries impulses
- Dendrites, makes connections to other cells
- Synapses, provide energy
Muscle cell function and structure
To contract and relax
- Proteins, make fibres contract
- Mitochondria, transfers energy for chemical reactions that allow cells to contract and relax
- Glycogen, used in cellular respiration
Sperm cell function and structure
To fertilise egg cell by breaking through it
- Long tail, helps sperm swim through female reproductive system
- Middle section, mitochondria store which transfers energy for tail
- Head, shape helps to swim through liquids, stores acrosome to break outer layer of egg
Diffusion is…
Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion in relation to state of matter…
Diffusions only happens in gasses and liquids. It moves faster in gasses because the particles have more energy. Diffusion is passive, it requires no energy.
What factors speed up diffusion?
- Temperature rise
- Large concentration gradient
- Gas
Diffusion in and out of cells
Oxygen and dissolved food molecules diffuse into the body cells, moving from higher to lower concentration.
What are stem cells
Cells that have not undergone differentiation. This means that they have the potential to develop into any type of specialised cell.
Active transport…
Allows substances to move into cells throught he membrane against the concentration gradient
Osmosis is….
The movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential (dilute) to an area of low water potential (concentrated) across a partially permeable membrane
Osmosis required practical results in terms of glucose concentration in water
Higher the glucose concentration in water then the lower the mass is compared to before the potato chip was placed in
