B4 Organising animals and plants

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse

Question 3

atria

Answer 3

the upper chambers of the heart

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick

Question 5

coronary arteries

Answer 5

the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 6

double circulatory system

Answer 6

the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is separate from the circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 7

epidermal

Answer 7

the name given to cells that make up the epidermis or outer layer of an organism

Question 8

guard cells

Answer 8

surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing

Question 9

haemoglobin

Answer 9

the red pigment that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells

Question 10

palisade mesophyll

Answer 10

the upper layer of the mesophyll tissue in plant leaves made up of closely packed cells that contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 11

phloem

Answer 11

the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant

Question 12

plasma

Answer 12

the clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body

Question 13

platelets

Answer 13

fragments of cells in the blood that play a vital role in the clotting mechanism of the blood

Question 14

pulmonary artery

Answer 14

the large blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Question 15

pulmonary vein

Answer 15

the large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

Question 16

red blood cells

Answer 16

biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen around the body in the blood

Question 17

spongy mesophyll

Answer 17

the lower layer of mesophyll tissue in plant leaves that contains some chloroplasts and many large air spaces to give a big surface area for the exchange of gases

Question 18

statins

Answer 18

drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels and improve the balance of high- to low-density lipoproteins in the blood

Question 19

stent

Answer 19

a metal mesh placed in a blocked or partially blocked artery. They are used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon

Question 20

translocation

Answer 20

the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem

Question 21

transpiration

Answer 21

the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis. It involves evaporation from the surface of the cells and diffusion through the stomata

Question 22

urea

Answer 22

the waste product formed by the breakdown of excess amino acids in the liver

Question 23

veins

Answer 23

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry deoxygenated blood and have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 24

vena cava

Answer 24

the large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

Question 25

ventricles

Answer 25

chambers of the heart that contract to force blood out of the heart

Question 26

white blood cells

Answer 26

blood cells involved in the immune system of the body. They engulf pathogens and make antibodies and antitoxins

Question 27

xylem

Answer 27

the non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots