B3 - Organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

active site

Answer 1

the site on an enzyme where the reactants bind

Question 2

amino acids

Answer 2

molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 3

amylase

Answer 3

enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars

Question 4

bile

Answer 4

neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well. It is not an enzyme

Question 5

carbohydrases

Answer 5

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are found in foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread

Question 7

catalyst

Answer 7

a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself

Question 8

denatured

Answer 8

the breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions

Question 9

differentiate

Answer 9

the process where cells become specialised for a particular function

Question 10

digestive system

Answer 10

organ system where food is digested and absorbed

Question 11

enzymes

Answer 11

biological catalysts, usually proteins

Question 12

fatty acids

Answer 12

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Question 13

glycerol

Answer 13

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Question 14

lipase

Answer 14

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

lipids

Answer 15

include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil, and crisps. They are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism

Question 17

organ

Answer 17

an aggregation (collection ) of different tissues working together to carry out specific functions

Question 18

organ system

Answer 18

a group of organs that work together to carry out specific functions and form organisms

Question 19

proteases

Answer 19

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

Question 20

proteins

Answer 20

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids. They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes

Question 21

simple sugars

Answer 21

small carbohydrate units, for example glucose

Question 22

tissue

Answer 22

a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function