B4 - organising animals and plants. Flashcards
What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?
No nucleus to carry more oxygen, biconcave shape ( large surface area).
What are the components of blood and what are their jobs?
Red blood cells: carry oxygen around body
White blood cells: make antibodies to fight diseases
Platelets: to clot the blood
Plasma: carry’s dissolved food and waste products.
What direction do arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart
What is the structure of an artery?
-thick muscular walls
-elastic tissue in walls
-relatively small lumen
-no valves
What direction do veins carry the blood?
Into the heart
What is the lumen?
The central cavity of the vein/artery
What is the structure of veins?
-Thin muscular walls
-not very elastic tissue in walls
-large lumen
-valves to prevent back flow
Does blood flow faster in veins or arteries?
A lot faster in arteries and under more pressure.
What happens in the capillaries?
The materials the blood is carrying diffuses into the body
What is the structure of capillaries?
-no muscles ( walls one cell thick )
-small lumen ( just enough to fit 1 red blood cell through )
-no elastic tissue in walls
-no valves
What is the largest artery in the body and where is it found?
The aorta and it’s found carrying blood away from the heart.
Where is the largest vein found and what is it called?
The vena cava is found carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart
Why can the circulatory system be called the double circulatory system?
As they are two main loop on to the lungs and back and one to the rest of the body and back
What are the top 2 and bottom 2 chambers called?
The top 2 are atria ( 2 atrium) and the bottom 2 are ventricles (A.V)
What are the names of the 2 valves in the heart and where are they found?
The atrio-ventricular valve is found both sides of the heart between the atria and ventricles and prevents back flow in atria.
The semilunar valve is found at the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta and prevents back flow into ventricles.
Which blood vessel carry’s oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
Which blood vessel carry’s deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery.
Does the left or right ventricle pump blood all the way around the body?
Left
Pace maker cells are found in which chamber of the heart?
Right atrium
Do artery’s or veins carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which arteries supply blood to the heart muscle?
Coronary arteries