B2- cell division and stem cells Flashcards
Why are chromosomes normally found in pairs?
As we have one chromosome from the father and one from the mother.
Why are new cells needed?
For growth and repair.
How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human body?
23 pairs (46 in total)
What is DNA?
Is the part of the body that carry’s all the instructions that a living organism needs to grow, function and reproduce.
What is mitosis ?
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What are the steps in mitosis?
1) parent cell
2)sister chromosomes form in a x shape
3)chromosomes line up in the middle
4)they then split to the poles
5)finally separate into two daughter cells.
What are the steps in the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cell cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 identical daughter cells.
Before mitosis the cell…?
Grows
Which stage of the cell cycle takes the most time?
Interphase
What is the part of a chromosome that controls a characteristic?
A gene
What is a stem cell?
A cell that isn’t differentiated.
When do animal cell and plant cells usually differentiate?
animal cells tend to differentiate quite early on however plant cells can differentiate throughout the life of the plant.
What is a meristem?
A meristem is a type of tissue found in the growing tip on a root/shoot on a plant. It consists of undifferentiated cells capable of cell division.
What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?
An embryonic stem cell are cells that can undergo continuous cell division and can differentiate into any type of cell they need to. However, adult stem cells can only differentiate into a few different types of cells.
