B1-Cells and transport Flashcards
Name three main differences between a light and electron microscope.
1) light = low resolution
electron = high resolution
2)light = inexpensive+low maintenance
electron = expensive+high maintenance
3)light = both live and dead specimen
electron = only dead and dried specimen
how do you calculate the magnification of a specimen?
magnification = length of image divided by actual length
how do you calculate the real size of a specimen?
Actual Length = length of the Image divided by the Magnification.
What are the main parts of an animal cell?
Any of the following:Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Mitochondria
Name 2 similarities between animal and plant cells?
Any of the following:
-A nucleus
-A cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosomes
-Mitochondrion
-both eukaryotic
Name 3 differences between animal and plant cells?
-bigger [ -smaller
-cell wall [ -no cell wall
-vacuole [ -no vacuole
Name 1 similarity and 1 difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Any of the following:
differences=
-prokaryotic is small and simple but eukaryotic is large and complex
-prokaryotic has nucleoid but eukaryotic has a nucleus
-prokariotic cell may have flagella but eukayotic can’t
similarities=
-have DNA
-have ribosomes
-have cytoplasm
-have plasma membrane
give 2 examples of specialised cells
Any of the following: red blood cells, sperm, eggs, nerve cells, muscle cells.
what is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
why is diffusion important in living organisms?
as it is the only way substances move in and out of cells.
name 2 things that affect the rate of diffusion?
Any of the following: concentration gradient and temp
How is osmosis different from diffusion?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through the cell. Diffusion is the movement of molecules, such as oxygen, in and out of a cell
what is osmosis?
osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane, from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
why is osmosis so important in plant cells?
Osmosis helps in retaining the turgidity of the cell.
what is active transport?
-the movement of molecles against the concentration gradient.
-from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
-using energy form cellular repiration
-and protein carrier in the membrane
why is active transport important in cells?
enabling cells to move nutrients and water from the environment against the concentration gradient.
what do mitochondria do?
they are where respiration occurs to release energy for the cell to use
what is the job of the cell membrane?
controls what comes in and out
what is the use of cytoplasm?
a place where chemical reactions occur
what do ribosomes do?
the create protein by linking amino acids together
what does the nucleus do ?
contains DNA which controls what the cell does
what does a vacuole do?
contains plant sap
what is the use of a cell wall?
to provide a sturdy foundation for the plant
what do chloroplasts do?
turns light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis
how does a light microscope work?
visible light passes through the sample and is bent through the lens system, allowing the user to see it magnified
how does an electron microscope work?
it uses a beam of electrons and their wave like characteristics to magnify and objects image
nm ÷__–> µm ÷__–> mm ÷__–> m ÷__–> km
nm ÷1000–> µm ÷1000–> mm ÷1000–> m ÷1000–> km
image size = ____ x ____
image size = real size x magnification
when does a cell become hypotonic?
when there is more water concentration outside than inside the cell, therefore the water diffuses in by osmosis and the cell become turgid
when does a cell become hypertonic?
when there is a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside, therefore the water diffuses out and the cell becomes flaccid
when does a cell become isotonic?
when there is the same concentration of water inside the cell as outside
Root hair cells take up water and mineral ions from the soil.
Explain why root hair cells contain lots of mitochondria?
because mitochondria do respiration to >release< energy and lots of energy is needed within root hair cells to do active transport.
are diffusion, osmosis and active transport active or passive?
diffusion= passive
osmosis= passive
active transport= active
