B1-Cells and transport

Question 1

Name three main differences between a light and electron microscope.

Answer 1

1) light = low resolution
electron = high resolution
2)light = inexpensive+low maintenance
electron = expensive+high maintenance
3)light = both live and dead specimen
electron = only dead and dried specimen

Question 2

how do you calculate the magnification of a specimen?

Answer 2

magnification = length of image divided by actual length

Question 3

how do you calculate the real size of a specimen?

Answer 3

Actual Length = length of the Image divided by the Magnification.

Question 4

What are the main parts of an animal cell?

Answer 4

Any of the following:Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Mitochondria

Question 5

Name 2 similarities between animal and plant cells?

Answer 5

Any of the following:
-A nucleus
-A cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosomes
-Mitochondrion
-both eukaryotic

Question 6

Name 3 differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 6

-bigger [ -smaller
-cell wall [ -no cell wall
-vacuole [ -no vacuole

Question 7

Name 1 similarity and 1 difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Any of the following:
differences=
-prokaryotic is small and simple but eukaryotic is large and complex
-prokaryotic has nucleoid but eukaryotic has a nucleus
-prokariotic cell may have flagella but eukayotic can’t
similarities=
-have DNA
-have ribosomes
-have cytoplasm
-have plasma membrane

Question 8

give 2 examples of specialised cells

Answer 8

Any of the following: red blood cells, sperm, eggs, nerve cells, muscle cells.

Question 9

what is diffusion?

Answer 9

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 10

why is diffusion important in living organisms?

Answer 10

as it is the only way substances move in and out of cells.

Question 11

name 2 things that affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 11

Any of the following: concentration gradient and temp

Question 12

How is osmosis different from diffusion?

Answer 12

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through the cell. Diffusion is the movement of molecules, such as oxygen, in and out of a cell

Question 13

what is osmosis?

Answer 13

osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane, from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Question 14

why is osmosis so important in plant cells?

Answer 14

Osmosis helps in retaining the turgidity of the cell.

Question 15

what is active transport?

Answer 15

-the movement of molecles against the concentration gradient.
-from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
-using energy form cellular repiration
-and protein carrier in the membrane

Question 16

why is active transport important in cells?

Answer 16

enabling cells to move nutrients and water from the environment against the concentration gradient.

Question 17

what do mitochondria do?

Answer 17

they are where respiration occurs to release energy for the cell to use

Question 18

what is the job of the cell membrane?

Answer 18

controls what comes in and out

Question 19

what is the use of cytoplasm?

Answer 19

a place where chemical reactions occur

Question 20

what do ribosomes do?

Answer 20

the create protein by linking amino acids together

Question 21

what does the nucleus do ?

Answer 21

contains DNA which controls what the cell does

Question 22

what does a vacuole do?

Answer 22

contains plant sap

Question 23

what is the use of a cell wall?

Answer 23

to provide a sturdy foundation for the plant

Question 24

what do chloroplasts do?

Answer 24

turns light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Question 25

how does a light microscope work?

Answer 25

visible light passes through the sample and is bent through the lens system, allowing the user to see it magnified

Question 26

how does an electron microscope work?

Answer 26

it uses a beam of electrons and their wave like characteristics to magnify and objects image

Question 27

nm ÷__–> µm ÷__–> mm ÷__–> m ÷__–> km

Answer 27

nm ÷1000–> µm ÷1000–> mm ÷1000–> m ÷1000–> km

Question 28

image size = ____ x ____

Answer 28

image size = real size x magnification

Question 29

when does a cell become hypotonic?

Answer 29

when there is more water concentration outside than inside the cell, therefore the water diffuses in by osmosis and the cell become turgid

Question 30

when does a cell become hypertonic?

Answer 30

when there is a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside, therefore the water diffuses out and the cell becomes flaccid

Question 31

when does a cell become isotonic?

Answer 31

when there is the same concentration of water inside the cell as outside

Question 32

Root hair cells take up water and mineral ions from the soil.
Explain why root hair cells contain lots of mitochondria?

Answer 32

because mitochondria do respiration to >release< energy and lots of energy is needed within root hair cells to do active transport.

Question 33

are diffusion, osmosis and active transport active or passive?

Answer 33

diffusion= passive
osmosis= passive
active transport= active