B4 definitions Flashcards
alveoli
air sacs in lungs that increase sa to increase rate of diffusion for gas exchange
aorta
carries oxygenated blood around the body
artery
carries blood away from heart
atrium
area at top of heart ventricles beneath
bronchi
carries oxygen from trachea to alveoli
bronchiole
smaller pathways off bronchi
capillary
carries blood to tissue and veins, connects arteries and veins
capillary
carries blood to tissue and veins, connects arteries and veins
cardiac
heart
double circulatory system
blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body:
- the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place
- the left venricle pumps blood around the rest of the body
plasma
transports substances and blood cells around the body
platelet
form blood clots to create barriers to infections
pulmonary
lung
vein
carries blood to the heart
vena cava
brings deoxyginated blood into the heart
ventricle
bottom part of heart
cuticle
makes the leaf waterproof
upper epidermis
- single layer f cells
- protects against water loss
- transparent to allow light to pass through
flaccid
soft not turgid
flaccid
soft not turgid
guard cell
controls the opening and closing of the stomata
mesophyll
(pallisade)
- tightly packed cellls
- lots of chloroplasts to absorb light for photosynthesis
(spongy)
- spherical cells
- lots of air spaces to allow gases to diffuse properly
- larg sa to volume ratio to increase gas exchange
phloem
products of phtosynthesis from leafs to roots and other organs
stomata
tiny openings on the lower surface of the leaf that allow gases to move in and out of the leaf
translocation
movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem
transpiration
water is lost through the stomata by evaporation. this pulls water up from the roots through the xylem and is called transpiration. the constant movement of water up the plant is called the transpiration stream
transpiration stream
the flow of water through xylem from roots to leaves
turgid
rigid
xylem
transports water and minerals from roots to plant
