B2 definitions

Question 1

adult stem cell

Answer 1

found in bone marrow can only differentiate to form certain types of cells in bone marrow they can only differentiate into types of blood cell

Question 2

cell cycle

Answer 2

stage 1: cell grows bigger, dna replicates and increase in number of subcellular structures eg mitochondria and ribosomes.
stage 2:mitosis, set of each chromosome pulled to sides of cell and the nucleus divides
stage 3: cytokinesis, cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

inside nucleus carries genes

Question 4

clone

Answer 4

exact copy

Question 5

daughter cells

Answer 5

identical copy, clone

Question 6

embryonic stem cell

Answer 6

found in embryos can differentiate into any type of specialised cell in the body

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

contains dna

Question 8

meristem

Answer 8

in plants meristem regions in the roots and shoots of the plant you find stem cells that can differentiate into all cell types and can be used to create clones of whole plants

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

stage 2 of the cell cycle copy of each chromosome is pulled to either side and the nucleus divides

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

contains genetic information only found in eukaryotic cells

Question 11

therapuetic cloning

Answer 11

• cells from a patients body are used to create a cloned embryo of themselves
• stem cells from this embryo can be used for medical treatments and growing new organs
• these stem cells have the same genes as the patient and so less likely to be rejected when transplanted