B3 definitions Flashcards
cells
basic building blocks
tissues
groups of cells that have similar stuctures and functions
organs
groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function
organ systems
groups of organs working together
organisms
organ systems work together forming an organism
mouth
where we chew our food, increased sa for enzyme action
salivary glands
make saliva containing the enzyme amylase
oesophagus
carries food to the stomach
stomach
- churns food
- releases protease which digests proteins
- releases hydrochloric acid killing pathogens
liver
makes bile which breaks down fats in the small intestine
gall bladder
stores bile which is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach, and emulsifies fat into small droplets e.g. glycerol, with a large surface area
pancreas
makes enzymes, amylase protease and lipase
small intestine
where digested food is absorbed into the blood
large intestine
where water and minerals are absorbed into the blood
rectum
stores faeces
anus
expels faeces
active site
where the reaction occurs
amylase
turns starch to glucose, made in salivary glands pancreas and small intestine
catalyse
to speed up a reaction
denatured
at extreme ph or very high temp the active site of an enzyme can change, the substrate can no longer bind to the active site, so the enzyme cannot catalyse the reaction
denatured
at extreme ph or very high temp the active site of an enzyme can change, the substrate can no longer bind to the active site, so the enzyme cannot catalyse the reaction
enzyme
a protein made of amino acids that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions without getting used up itself
lipase
turns lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, made in pancreas and small intestine
optimum
optimum ph is where the ph is most suitable
protease
proteins into amino acids, made in stomach pancreas and small instestine
substrate
the substance on which an enzyme acts
