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B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

(FSL) What are the uses of glucose in respiration?

A
  1. release energy in respiration
  2. make starch
  3. converted into fats + oil
  4. make amino acids
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2
Q

(FSL) what do plants need to do to make amino acids from glucose?

A

plants need to absorb nitrate ions from the soil

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3
Q

(FSL) what converts CO2 and water into glucose ?

A

light energy

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4
Q

(FSL) how are proteins made?

A

by chemically joining together amino acids

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5
Q

(FSL) why does aerobic respiration release lots of energy?

A

because the glucose molecule is fully oxidised

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6
Q

(FSL) why does anaerobic respiration release less energy than aerobic respiration?

A

because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete

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7
Q

(FSL) what is the equation for respiration in plant and yeast cells?

A

Glucose –> ethanol + CO2

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8
Q

(FSL) what is anerobic respiration in yeast cells called? what is it used to make?

A

fermentation

  • used to make bread and alcohol
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9
Q

(FSL) why does the body need a lot of energy during excercise?

A

muscle contraction

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10
Q

(FSL) what happens to body when extra oxygen is needed? (2)

A
  1. breathing rate and breathing volume increases —> to get more oxygen into the blood stream
  2. heart rate increases —> to pump oxygenated blood around the body
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11
Q

(FSL) why is there a build up of lactic acid in anaerobic respiration?

A

the oxidation of glucose is incomplete which leads to a build up of lactic acid

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12
Q

(FSL) what does lactic acid cause? (2)

A

causes muscles to become fatigued and to stop contracting efficiently

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13
Q

(FSL) what is oxygen debt?

A

the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after excercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid

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14
Q

**go over **

(FSL) How is lactic acid removed

A

Lactic acid transported out of muscles by blood
2. Lactic acid is then taken to the liver and converted back to glucose in a series of chemical reactions
- reacting with accumulated lactic acid and removing it from cells requires oxygen

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15
Q

(FSL) what is the energy released by respiration used for?

A

to synthesise new molecules in the cell

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16
Q

(FSL) what is metabolism?

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or body

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17
Q

(FSL) what are 3 used of glucose in plants?

A
  1. converted into cellulose –> strengthens cell wall
  2. converted into starch
  3. glucose is reacted with nitrate ions to make amino acids —> amino acids are used to synthesise proteins
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18
Q

(FSL) what is one use of glucose in humans?

A

converted into glycogen which is a storage form of glucose

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19
Q

**go over **

(FSL) word equation for formation of lipids

A

1 glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acid molecules—> lipid

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20
Q

(FSL) where are lipids found?

A

in the cell membrane

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21
Q

go over

(FSL) what happens to excess protein?

A

it is broken down into chemical urea which is then excreted by kidneys

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22
Q

what type of reaction is respiration?

A

an exothermic reaction

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23
Q

what does respiration allow our cells to do?

A

to carry out vital functions

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24
Q

what are the 2 forms of human respiration?

A

aerobic and anaerobic

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25
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

respiration with oxygen

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26
Q

what is anaerobic respiration?

A

respiration without oxygen

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27
Q

what us the word equation for (aerobic) respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —-> CO2 + water

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28
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose –> lactic acid

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29
Q

what is the word equation of anaerobic respiration in pant and yeast cells?

A

Glucose –> ethanol + CO2

30
Q

where does aerobic respiration release energy from?

A

the food you’ve eaten

31
Q

what are 4 uses of respiration?

A
  1. Muscle contraction
  2. maintaining optimal body temperature
  3. building up larger molecules (from smaller molecules)
  4. building up sugar (plant only)
32
Q

why does muscle contraction need respiration?

A

the internal organs + skeletal muscles rely on energy from respiration to contract

33
Q

why does muscle contraction need respiration?

A

the internal organs + skeletal muscles rely on energy from respiration to contract

34
Q

why does maintaining optimal body temperature require energy from respiration?

A

it is important so that all reactions in body can be carried out

35
Q

why does building up larger molecules from smaller molecules require respiration?

A

includes glucose converted into glycergen

36
Q

why does building up sugars in pant require respiration?

A

turning glucose into starch as an energy storage

37
Q

what is the role of the blood in respiration?

A

It is the delivery system
- carries the reactants needed for respiration
and then removes the waste products

38
Q

what is role of the heart in respiration?

A

pumps blood to all our cells
- important for heart rate to keep up demands for respiration

39
Q

what is the role of breathing in respiration?

A

maintains concentration for diffusion of gases

40
Q

what is the role of digestion in respiration?

A

supplies glucose
- converts food eaten to molecules for bodily use

41
Q

what is glycogen’s role in respiration?

A

is a store of glucose which is needed for respiration

42
Q

what are 6 changes in the body during excercise?

A
  1. heart rate increases
  2. volume of blood per beat increases
  3. breathing rate increases
  4. breathing depth increases
  5. glycogen levels in the mucus decrease
  6. blood volume increases
43
Q

what happens to your heart rate during excercise? so?

A

increase
- so we can pump blood to mucus faster –> so more oxygen and glucose is available

44
Q

what happens to the volume of blood per heart beat during excercise?

A

increases
- pumps more blood per beat –> more glucose and oxygen per beat

45
Q

what happens to the breathing depth during excercise?

A

increases
- as there is more air in every breath–> so more oxygen in the body per breath

46
Q

what happens to the breathing rate during excercise?

A

increases as there is as faster intake of air so oxygen circulates around the body so faster excretion for CO2

47
Q

what happens to the glycogen levels in the muscle during excercise?

A

decreases
- it breaks down into glucose

48
Q

what happens to the blood volume during excercise?

A

increases
- more blood pumped

49
Q

what are the 2 impacts of anaerobic respiration?

A
  1. results in lactic acid build up
  2. can lead to muscle fatigue
50
Q

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?

A

fermentation

51
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

A

Glucose —> Ethanol + CO2

52
Q

what is metabolism?

A

the sum of all reactions happening in a cell or organism in which molecules are made or broken down

53
Q

what are 5 reactions that happen in metabolism?

A
  1. conversions of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
  2. making lipids
  3. making proteins
  4. respiration
  5. glucose and nitrates are used to make proteins (IN PLANTS)
54
Q

what are the 3 role of lipids?

A
  1. stores excess energy in body
  2. amino acids are joined to make new proteins
  3. help with insulation
55
Q

what are oils?

A

liquid forms of fat

56
Q

proteins (3)

A
  • some already in body, some come from food
    -. amino acids are joined to make new proteins
  • used for growth and repair
57
Q

what is urea?

A

breakdown of excess amino acids

58
Q

where is urea broken down?

A

in the liver

59
Q

what removes the urea?

A

kidneys

60
Q

what are the 2 veins that are found in the leaf?

A

xylem and phloem

61
Q

where does a plant get energy from?

A

energy transferred from light waves

62
Q

what are 5 uses of glucose?

A

1.respiration
2. make proteins
3. stored as insoluble starch
4. make cellulose
5. converted into fats and oils

63
Q

what are the 4 limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  1. light intensity
  2. temperature
  3. CO2 concentration
  4. chlorophyll level
64
Q

what is the scientific word for level of?

A

plateau

65
Q

where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

in mitochondria

66
Q

where does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

in cytoplasm

67
Q

what does inverse square law state?

A

if the distance (in m) doubles then the light intensity will get 4x smaller

68
Q

What are 5 differences between aeroic and anaerobic respiration

A
  1. Aerobic: with oxygen - Anaerobic: without
  2. Aerobic: releases more energy - Anaerobic: release less energy
  3. Aerobic: produces CO2 and water - Anaerobic: produces lactic acid and energy or ethanol and CO2
  4. Aerobic: glucose completelyy broken down - Anaerobic: Glucose not completely broken down
  5. Aerobic: occurs in mitochondria - Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm
69
Q
A
70
Q
A

Biology (16 decks)

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