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Biology for Skint People > B3.2.3 - The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

B3.2.3 - The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

A monthly cycle during which a woman’s body gets ready for pregnancy

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2
Q

How long does the menstrual cycle last?

A

Around 28 days

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3
Q

How often does the uterus start to thicken?

A

Each month

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4
Q

What also occurs once the lining of a uterus thickens?

A

An egg starts to mature in one of the ovaries

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5
Q

After how long is the egg released from the ovaries?

A

Approximately 14 days

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6
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The process of the egg maturing and getting released from the ovaries

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7
Q

How does the egg become fertilised?

A

It is penetrated by a sperm cell

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8
Q

What happens if the egg is fertilised once released from the ovary?

A

It may implant into the uterus lining, where it is protected and receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother

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9
Q

What happens when the egg is not fertilised after getting released from the ovary?

A

The uterus lining and egg are removed from the body

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10
Q

What is it called when the uterus lining and egg are removed from the body?

A

Period / menstruation

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11
Q

What is the entrance to the uterus called?

A

Cervix

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12
Q

What does the vagina do?

A

Receives sperm from the penis during sexual intercourse

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13
Q

How does the egg travel from the ovaries to the uterus?

A

It travels through the Fallopian tube/ oviduct

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14
Q

What are the 4 hormones that are made in the pituitary gland and the ovaries that control the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormones
Oestrogen
Luteinising Hormone
Progesterone

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15
Q

What do Follicle-stimulating hormones do?

A

They are secreted by the pituitary gland and travel to the ovaries where it caused an egg to mature. They also stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen

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16
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Made and secreted by the ovaries. It causes the lining of the uterus to build up.

17
Q

What happens as oestrogen levels rise?

A

They inhibit the production of FSH preventing more than one egg from maturing. Also stimulates the pituitary gland to release lutenising hormone (LH)

18
Q

What do Luteinising hormones do?

A

When LH levels reach a peak in the middle of the cycle, ovulation is triggered.

19
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Maintains the uterus lining. Remains high throughout pregnancy.

Biology for Skint People (43 decks)

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