B1.1.1 - Plant And Animal Cells Flashcards
What are the structures inside a cell called?
Subcellular structures
What are the 2 main types of cells called?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Which is bigger - eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Where do eukaryotic cells keep their genetic material?
Nucleus
Where is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
What is the size range for eukaryotic cells?
10 micro meters - 100 micro meters
What is the size range for prokaryotic cells?
1 micro meter - 10 micro meters
What are the functions of the nucleus?
- controls the activities of the cell
- contain the organism’s genetic material
- contain instructions to make new cells or organisms
What is a eukaryotic cell’s genetic material organised as?
Chromosomes
What determines a cell’s appearance and functions
Chromosomes
What is the cytoplasm?
A ‘jelly-like’ substance where chemical reactions occur to keep the cell alive
Name the features and functions of mitochondrion
- where respiration occurs
- where special protein molecules (enzymes) enable glucose and oxygen to react together
- this transfers vital energy to the organism
What allows oxygen and glucose to react together?
Special protein molecules (enzymes)
What 2 reactants create very important energy for its organism?
Glucose and oxygen
What is the cell membrane?
- A selective barrier that controls which substances pass into and out of the cell
- it contains receptor molecules
What are receptor molecules?
These send a signal to nerve cells when stimulated
What extra sub cellular structures do plant cells need?
- A cell wall
- chloroplasts
- vacuole
What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
What does chlorophyll do?
Transfer energy from the Sun to the plant as light (used in photosynthesis)
What parts of the plant are chloroplasts in?
Only the green parts
Leaves
What is a cell wall?
- surrounds the cell
- supports the cell
- makes the plant rigid and stable
What is a cell wall in plant cells made of?
A tough fibre called cellulose
What does the vacuole do?
- Helps the cell stay rigid
- supporting the plant
- keeping it upright
What is the vacuole filled with?
A watery solution of sugars and salts
Why do root cells not need chloroplasts?
They do not need access to the sun and can get nutrients from the soil surrounding it
Are algae eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
