B3.2.1 - Hormones Flashcards
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers
Where are hormones made?
Endocrine glands
Where are hormones secreted into?
The blood
How are hormones transported around the body?
They are carried around by the blood
What do hormones do?
Cause a response in specific cells that are found in target organs.
Regulate the functions of many cells and organs.
Control body processes that need constant adjustment
How quick are hormones?
Fairly slow and long lasting
Give an example of an effect of long lasting hormones
Puberty
What hormones are involved in puberty?
Testosterone and oestrogen
Give an example of a quick hormonal response.
Adrenaline
Name a body process that needs constant adjustment.
Body temperature
What is homeostasis?
Keeping the conditions in your body constant
What responds to hormones?
Target organs
Describe the interaction between hormones and target cells.
Hormones diffuse out of the bloodstream and bind to specific receptors for that hormones, found on the membranes and cytoplasms of target cells
Where are target cells located?
In target organs
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine glands and all their produced hormones
What other system does the endocrine system control the body with?
The nervous system
Compare the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Both send messages around the body about changes in the external and internal environment and the body’s response
Nerves - Faster, Precise, Short duration of acting
Hormones - Slower, Larger area, Longer acting
What does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine
What do the adrenal glands produce?
Adrenaline
What does the pancreas produce?
Insulin
What does the testes produce?
Testosterone
What do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
What do the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus produce?
Hormones that regulate the production of other hormones.
