B1.1.2 - Bacterial Cells Flashcards
What are the smallest living organisms?
Bacteria
What are unicellular organisms?
They consist of just one cell
What are the seven life processes?
Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Nutrition Excretion Respiration Growth
How big are bacteria roughly in size?
1 micro meter
Name a few examples of prokaryotic cells
Escherichia coli (food poisoning)
Streptococcus (sore throat)
Streptomyces (found in the soil and can create streptomycin)
What prokaryotic cell does streptomycin come from?
Streptomyces
What subcellular structures do prokaryotic cells contain?
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic Material
What is the cell wall in prokaryotic cells made out of?
Peptidoglycan
What is genetic material?
A long strand of DNA floating in the cytoplasm
What is the bacterial chromosome?
A long strand of DNA floating in a cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell
What extra sub cellular structures can some bacterial cells have?
Flagellum
Pili
Slime capsule
Plasmids
What does the flagella do?
Helps bacterial cells move
What is pili?
Tiny ‘hairlike’ structures that enable the cell to attach to structures.
They can also transfer genetic material between bacteria.
What is the slime capsule?
A layer outside the cell that protects bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances.
It also helps bacteria stick to smooth surfaces.
What are plasmids?
A circular piece of DNA used to store extra genes
