B3.1.5 - Nervous System Damage Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mammalian nervous system organised into?

A

Two systems - CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS?

A

All the neurones thay connect the CNS to the rest of the body (sensory and motor neurones)

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4
Q

How could nervous system damage occur?

A

Injury, disease, genetic conditions or ingestion of a toxic substance

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5
Q

What does damage to the nervous system do?

A

It prevents impulses from being passed effectively throughout the nervous system.

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6
Q

What are effects of nervous system damage to the PNS?

A

Inability to detect pain, Numbness and a loss of coordination

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7
Q

How can nervous system damage to the PNS be treated?

A

Minor nerve damage often self-heals, although the PNS has a limited ability to regenerate. More severe damage can be treated through surgery.

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8
Q

What can nervous systme damage to the CNS lead to?

A

Loss of control of body systems, partial or complete paralysis and memory loss / processing difficulties

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9
Q

How many pairs of nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

31

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10
Q

What is the diameter of the spinal cord?

A

1.5cm

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11
Q

Why is it difficult to identify and repair damage to an individual nerve fibre on the spinal cord?

A

The individual nerve fibre is very small and there are many of them and they are all important.

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12
Q

What does spinal injuries usually lead to?

A

Permanent loss of funtions / disability

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13
Q

What scans can be used to build up an image of the damage site of a brain?

A

MRI or CT scans

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14
Q

What treatment is there for brain tumours?

A

radiotherapy and chemotherapy

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15
Q

What treatment is there for damaged brain tissue?

A

Surgery for removal

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16
Q

What is deep brain stimulation?

A

Placing electrode inside the brain which transmit electrical impulses causes different parts of the body to move.

17
Q

What is CT?

A

Computed Tomography uses X-rays to create 3D images of the inside of the body. Cannot be used regularly as X-ray radiation increases the chance of cancer

18
Q

What is MRI?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging uses powerful magnets to identify brain abnormalities