Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 IB > B3.2 Transport (Circulatory System) > Flashcards

B3.2 Transport (Circulatory System) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

-closed system
-blood travels around in a set pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

-carries nutrients and oxygen to cells
-takes waste such as urea and carbon dioxide away from the cells
-distributes heat throughout the body
-sends chemical messages in the form of hormones throughout the body
-defends against foreign organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many km of blood vessels do humans have?

A

-approximately 96 000 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the heart?

A

-pump of the circulatory system (5L/min)
-beats approximately 70 times a minute
-is the size of a fist at approximately 300 g
-made of cardiac muscle cells or myogenic muscle that allow the propagation of stimuli
-cardiac muscle is branched and has intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many sides of the heart is there?

A

-two sides, one right and one left
-separated by a septum (wall of muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

-two top atria
-two bottom ventricles (larger because they pump blood to the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many heart valves are there and what are their functions?

A

-4 different valves
-surrounded by the pericardium (fluid filled sac to reduce friction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

-between the right atrium and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mitral valve?

A

-between the left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two semi lunar valves?

A

-pulmonary valve
-aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pulmonary valve?

A

-between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the aortic valve?

A

-between the left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does blood flow work on the right side?

A

-blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava
-it goes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
-from the right ventricle it goes through the pulmonary valve to get to the lungs via the right and left pulmonary ateries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a coronary pathway?

A

-set of veins and arteries where the heart pumps blood to itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does blood flow work on the left side?

A

-it comes from the lungs and into the heart through the left and right pulmonary veins
-from the pulmonary veins, it goes into the left atrium and through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle
-from the left ventricle, it goes through the aortic valve into the aorta to replenish the blood in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if heart muscle is not fed?

A

-a heart attack occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is angina?

A

-chest pains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

-fatty plaque, atheroma, build up in the inner lining of the coronary arteries
-lumen gets narrow can be occluded, blocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are clogged arteries fixed?

A

-take care of your heart with a proper diet early in life
-1. angioplasty
-2. bypass surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an angioplasty?

A

-it uses a balloon to push plaque and open up the artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is bypass surgery?

A

-it uses a vein or artery to bypass a block coronary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a systemic pathway?

A

-system of arteries and veins where the heart pumps blood to the entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the pulmonary pathway?

A

-a system of arteries and veins where the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen to be oxygenated

24
Q

What does a heart beat sound like?

A

-the lub dub sound

25
Q

What is the lub sound?

A

-the lub sound is the closing of the tricuspid and mitral valves after the atria has pumped blood into the ventricles

26
Q

What is the dub sound?

A

-the dub sound comes from the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves right after the blood from the ventricles has gone into the pulmonary artery and aorta

27
Q

What are arteries?

A

-always carries blood away from the ventricles of the heart at a high pressure
-always carrying oxygenated blood unless it is the pulmonary artery where it is deoxygenated

28
Q

What are the characteristics of arteries?

A

-thick walls with muscle and elastic fibers visible in the wall under microscope
-small lumen
-the muscle and elastic fibres assist in maintaining blood pressure between pump cycles

29
Q

What are arterioles?

A

-smaller arteries
-pressure is still high but less than arteries, as you get further from the heart pressure decreases
-precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow
-they are smooth muscle controlled by the brain’s autonomic nervous system

30
Q

What can arterioles communicate to the brain?

A

-can send messages to the brain that causes the diameter of
the blood vessels to decrease
(vasoconstriction) or enlarge (vasodilation)
-ex: being scared = vasoconstriction and face going pale?

31
Q

What are capillaries?

A

-composed of single layer cells
-thin wall ideal for fluid and gas exchange
-easily destroyed or ruptured
-due to high surface area, pressure drops significantly
-blood goes in with oxygen and leaves without it

32
Q

What are venules?

A

-connects the capillaries and veins
-lined with smooth muscle
-there is not enough blood pressure to return it to the heart so passive muscle contractions squeeze vessels

33
Q

What are veins?

A

-veins always go towards the heart and carries deoxygenated blood
-unless they’re the pulmonary veins where they carry oxygenated blood
-larger blood vessels are formed when venules merge
-lined with venous valve which prevents the backflow of blood
-the movement of skeletal muscle helps with venous pressure
-veins act as blood reserviors, 50% of total blood volume can be found in the veins

34
Q

How is the heart measured?

A

-with an electrocardiograph (EKG)

35
Q

What is an electrocardiograph?

A

-it is a PQRST wave
-P represents the passing from the SA node
-QRS represents the passing over the ventricles from the AV node
-T represents when the ventricles have recovered
-P->R is where the atria contracts
-S->T is where the ventricles contract
-T->P is where the ventricles relax

36
Q

What is systole pressure?

A

-the contraction of ventricles to force blood out of the heart, artia are relaxed

37
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

-pressure in the ventricles during this contraction

38
Q

What is diastole pressure?

A

-the relaxation of ventricles where the atria contract to force blood into the ventricles

39
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

-pressure in the ventricles during this relaxation period

40
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

-with a sphygmomanometer
-essentially a blood pressure cuff
-blood pressure is measured as systolic over diastolic in mmHg

41
Q

How is blood pressure regulated?

A

-receptors called baroreceptors are located in the walls of the aorta and the carotid arteries
-sensitive to high pressure

41
Q

What happens when blood/pathways moves further from the heart?

A

-blood pressure drops

42
Q

What happens if blood pressure is too high?

A

-the medulla oblongata stimulates the parasympathetic, slow down, nerve to dilate arterioles
-this increase output, decreasing blood pressure and heart rate is lowered

43
Q

What happens if blood pressure is too high?

A

-the medulla oblongata stimulates the sympathetic, speed up, nerve
-increased output, arterioles constrict causing increased blood flow but decreased outflow raising blood pressure and heart rate

44
Q

What happens if there is stress?

A

-the medulla signals the adrenal gland to release epinephrine which also prepares the body for physical activity

45
Q

What is extra cellular fluid?

A

-fluid outside of cells and outside of blood vessels
-allows for diffusion of materials between blood and the cell as well as cell to cell

46
Q

What are the two forces working with capillary fluid exchange?

A

-1. fluid pressure
-2. osmotic pressure

47
Q

What is fluid pressure?

A

-force of blood on the capillary wall
-allows for the movement of water out of the blood vessel

48
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

-protein molecules and minerals in blood make blood a hypertonic solution in the capillaries thus drawing fluid into the capillaries

49
Q

What happens when materials are filtered out of the capillaries?

A

-materials are normally filtered out due to high blood pressure pushing materials out towards the cell, arteriole end

50
Q

What happens when materials absorbed back into the capillary?

A

-materials are normally absorbed back into the capillary from the ECF because of osmotic pressure, venule end

51
Q

What is edema?

A

-tissue swelling due to too much fluid, water. collecting in the ECF surrounding the tissues

52
Q

What is edema caused by?

A

-high blood pressure where forced fluid out of capillaries aren’t absorbed back in
-starvation where proteins uses up proteins in the blood which lowers osmotic pressure therefore less water can move back into the capillaries
-allergies where the chemical histamine is released by cells who think they’re under attack, histamine increases capillary permeability so proteins enter ECF and lower osmotic pressure making less water absorb back into the capillary

53
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

-return proteins in the ECF to the circulatory system to prevent edema
-filter and clean ECF with phagocytic white blood cells
-transport fat from the lacteals in the villi of the small intestine

54
Q

How does the lymphatic system work?

A

-it has no pump so it uses muscular contractions to move lymph fluid and the vessels have one way valves like veins

55
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

-lymph passes through the lymph nodes
-they are masses of spongy tissue containing many phagocytic white blood cells that destroy infectious invaders
-lymph nodes filter and clean debris
-found in the neck, armpit, and groin area

56
Q

What happens to lymph nodes when sick?

A

-they become swollen during an infection due to the large number of white blood cells being produced

Biology 20 IB (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions