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Pharma 2nd semester > B.31. immunopharmacology 3 (antibodies and fusion proteins) > Flashcards

B.31. immunopharmacology 3 (antibodies and fusion proteins) Flashcards

1
Q

interferons given for diseases

A

IFN-𝝰
IFN-β
IFN-ᵧ

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2
Q

side effects for interferons

A 
flu-like symptoms 
GI irritation 
hematotoxicity 
nephrotoxicity
hepatotoxicity 
CNS presentation
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3
Q

what is IFN-𝝰 used for?

A 
hepatitis B and C
leukemia (CML, hairy-cell leukemia)
malignant melanoma 
Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8) 
genital warts (HPV)
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4
Q

what is IFN-β used for?

A

multiple sclerosis (relapsing form)

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5
Q

what is IFN-ᵧ used for?

A

chronic granulomatous disease

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6
Q

which interferon has a greater immune-enhancing action?

A

IFN-ᵧ

mainly via synthesis of TNF

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7
Q

name the immunosuppressive antibodies

A

IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin)
ATG (Anti-thymocyte globulin)
ALG (Anti- lymphocyte globulin)
Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

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8
Q

what is IVIG?

A

immunoglobulin preparation (IgG) from pools of thousands of healthy donors

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9
Q

how are immunosuppressive antibodies given?

A

IV

*Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin also IM

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10
Q

indications for IVIG

A 
immunoglobulin deficiencies 
hematological malignancies 
autoimmune disorders 
HIV infection 
stem cell transplantation
hemolytic anemias
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11
Q

SE of IVIG

A

allergic reaction

nephrotoxicity (AKI)

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12
Q

mechanism oF IVIG

A
  1. neutralizes superantigens & autoantibodies
  2. block Fc receptors of macrophages
  3. inhibition of complement and immunocomplex- medicated tissue damage
  4. prevent RBC’S lysis in the spleen
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13
Q

mechanism of ATG and ALG

A

selective inhibition of cellular immunity

Ab’s bind T cells involved in antigen recognition–> destroy them by complement

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14
Q

what is ATG &ALG?

A

immunoglobulin preparation from horse, sheep or rabbits

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15
Q

indications for ATG or ALG

A

stem cell transplantation (prevent graft vs host disease)
solid organ transplantation
primary aplastic anemia (immune-mediated process)

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16
Q

side effects of ATG or ALG

A 
hypersensitivity reaction (serum sickness, anaphylaxis)
injection-site reaction
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17
Q

indications for Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

A

prevent Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn

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18
Q

what is Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin?

A

Human IgG preparation

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19
Q

when is Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin given?

A

24-72 hours after delivery of Rh₀ (D) + child

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20
Q

mechanism of Rh₀ (D) immunoglobulin

A

blocks the primary immune response to the foreign cells.

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21
Q

common SE if monoclonal antibodies

A

injection site reaction

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22
Q

how is injection site reaction presented?

A 
erythema 
itching 
burning 
swelling 
pain
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23
Q

management of injection site reaction

A

topical hydrocortisone
Diphenhydramine (H₁ blocker)
NSAID’S

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24
Q

-omab suffix is for..

A

murine monoclonal Ab

no human components

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25
Q

-ximab suffix is for..

A

chimeric monoclonal Ab

65% humanized

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26
Q

-zumab suffix is for..

A

humanized Ab

>90% human

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27
Q

-umab suffix is for..

A

fully human 100% monoclonal Ab

28
Q

what does Rituximab do?

A

anti-CD20

Reduce B cell count

29
Q

how are the monoclonal antibodies given?

A

parenterally

30
Q

list the monoclonal Ab

A

“I RUN BAD TV”
Infliximab

Rituximab
Ustekinumab
Natalizumab

Basiliximab
Adalimumab
Dupliumab

Tocilizumab
Vedolizumab

31
Q

name the chimeric monoclonal Ab

A

“RIB”
Rituximab
Infliximab
Basiliximab

32
Q

what are adalimumab, ustekinumab and dupliumab ?

A

Human monoclonal Ab

33
Q

give the Humanized monoclonal Ab

A

Natalizumab
Tocilizumab
Vedolizumab

“Need TV”

34
Q

indications for Rituximab

A

B cell lymphoma
autoimmune diseases (RA, vasculitis)
solid organ transplantation

35
Q

SE o Rituximab

A

injection site reaction
infections

*first aid: ↑ risk of PML in patients with JC virus

36
Q

mechanism of Infliximab and Adalimumab

A

Anti-TNF𝝰

↓ leukocyte activation

37
Q

what is Adalimumab used for?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

38
Q

indications for Infliximab

A 
autoimmune diseases (RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis)
IBD
39
Q

Side effects of infliximab and adalimumab

A

injection site reaction
infections
reactivation of latent TB
lymphoma

40
Q

mechanism of Tocilizumab

A

Anti-IL-6 receptor

–> affect both B cell and T cell function

41
Q

mechanism of Ustekinumab

A

Anti-IL-12 and IL-23

–> inhibit activation of TH1 and TH17 cells

42
Q

indications for Tocilizumab

A

RA

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

43
Q

SE of Tocilizumab

A

neutropenia
infections
injections site reaction

44
Q

indications for ustekinumab

A

chron’s disease

Psoriasis

45
Q

SE of ustekinumab

A

injection site reaction

infections

46
Q

mechanism of Natalizumab

A

Anti-integrin 𝝰₄β₁–> inhibit T cell activity

47
Q

when do we use Natalizumab?

A

multiple sclerosis

Chron’s disease

48
Q

SE Natalizumab

A

injection site reaction
infection
reactivation of JC virus–> may develop PML disease

49
Q

mechanism of Dupilumab

A

Anti-IL-4 receptor 𝝰

50
Q

what is dupilumab for?

A

atopic dermatitis

51
Q

SE of dupilumab

A

allergic reaction

conjunctivitis, keratitis

52
Q

mechanism of vedolizumab

A

anti-integrin 𝝰₄β₇–> inhibit t cell function in the GI

53
Q

what is vedolizumab used for?

A

crohn’s disease

54
Q

what are the monoclonal Ab’s used for Crohn’s disease?

A

“NUV”
Natalizumab
Ustekinumab
Vedolizumab

55
Q

is there a risk for JC virus when giving vedolizumab?

A

no

but risk of infection

56
Q

mechanism of Basiliximab

A

Anti-IL2 receptor –>inhibit activation of lymphocytes

57
Q

what is the indication for basiliximab?

A

solid-organ transplantation

58
Q

side effects of basiliximab

A

GI irritation

injection site reaction

59
Q

what are fusion proteins?

A

chimeric proteins, that consist of at least 2 domains (encoded by separate genes) that are joined, transcribed, and translated as a single unit–> producing a single polypeptide

60
Q

name 2 fusion proteins

A

Abatacept

Etanercept

61
Q

what is Abatacept and what does it do?

A

it’s a CTLA-4 fusion protein.
composed of Fc region of immunoglobulin IgG1 and CTLA-4
it binds to CD80/86 on APC and inhibits T cells

62
Q

indications for giving abatacept

A

RA
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Psoriasis

63
Q

SE of abatacept

A

infections

producing neutralizing Ab’s

64
Q

what is Etanercept and what does it do?

A

it’s an Anti-TNF𝝰 fusion protein

composed of Fc portion of the immunoglobulin IgG1 fused to the TNF receptor

65
Q

indications of Etanercept

A

arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriasis

66
Q

side effects of Etanercept

A

injection site reaction

hypersensitivity reaction

Pharma 2nd semester (49 decks)

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