A. 24. intravenous anesthetics. perioperative medication

Question 1

list the IV anesthetics

Answer 1

Propofol
etomidate
ketamine
dexmedetomidine 
midazolam 
thiopental
fentanyl

Question 2

which IV anesthetics facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition at GABAₐ receptors?

Answer 2

propofol
etomidate
midazolam
thiopental

Question 3

midazolam effect may be terminated by…

Answer 3

flumazenil

Question 4

what is the mechanism of ketamine?

Answer 4

inhibits central glutamate receptors (NMDA receptors)

Question 5

what is the mechanism of Dexemedtomidine?

Answer 5

centrally acting 𝝰₂ agonist

Question 6

what is the mechanism of fentanyl?

Answer 6

opioid µ- receptor agonist

Question 7

which drugs are metabolized by the liver?

Answer 7

propofol
ketamine
midazolam
fentanyl

Question 8

which drug is an ultra short-acting agent?

Answer 8

thiopental

surgical anesthesia achieved in <1 min’

Question 9

what are the indications for propafol?

Answer 9

general anesthesia (induction and maintenance)
outpatient anesthesia
antiemetic activity

Question 10

what are the side effects of propafol?

Answer 10

hypotension

CV depression

Question 11

what are the indications for etomidate?

Answer 11

anesthesia in patients with limited cardiac or respiratory reserves (induction)

Question 12

what are the side effects of ​etomidate?

Answer 12

post-operative nausea

adrenal suppression with prolonged adminsteration

Question 13

which drug achieves sedation with no respiratory depression?

Answer 13

dexmedetomidine

Question 14

what are the indications for ketamine?

Answer 14

‘dissociative anesthesia’

potential drug of abuse

Question 15

what are the side effects of ketamine?

Answer 15

CV stimulant 
intracranial hypertension 
emergence reactions (disorientation, hallucination)

Question 16

what are the indications for dexmedetomidine?

Answer 16

adjunct to general anesthesia

short term sedation in ICU settings

Question 17

what are the indications for midazolam?

Answer 17

preoperative sedation
induction of anesthesia
outpatient anesthesia (ex. colonoscopy)

Question 18

what are the side effects of midazolam?

Answer 18

CV and respiratory depression

Question 19

what are the indications for thiopental?

Answer 19

induction of anesthesia

anesthesia for short surgical procedures

Question 20

SE of thiopental

Answer 20

CV and respiratory depression

cerebral vasoconstriction

Question 21

indication for fentanyl and SE

Answer 21

general anesthesia
pain?
SE–> respiratory depression (opioid)

Question 22

what are the perioperative agents?

Answer 22

anxiolytics 
analgesics 
antiemetics
GI protective agents
AB prophylaxis

Question 23

name the anxiolytics that are used as perioperative agents

Answer 23

benzodiazepines (midazolam, lorazepam)

Question 24

list the analgesics

Answer 24

opioids (fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphone)

NSAID’S (ketorolac, diclofenac, meloxicam)

Question 25

give two antiemetics

Answer 25

metoclopramide

droperidol

Question 26

GI protective agents ?

Answer 26

H₂ blockers
proton pump inhibitors
sucralfate

Question 27

antibiotics prophylaxis

Answer 27

ampicillin
cefazolin
cefuroxime
*depends on the type of surgery, patients condition, drug allergies