B3 Variety of Living Organisms T5

Question 1

Define eukaryotes

Answer 1

organisms that have a nucleus and organelles that are found within a plasma
membrane

Question 2

prokaryotic

Answer 2

cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organells e.g. mitochondria

Question 3

Are prokaryotes bigger than eukaryote cells?

Answer 3

NO
smaller

Question 4

define pathogens

Answer 4

microorganism that causes disease

Question 5

Define autotrophs

Answer 5

makes own food - has clorophyll and can photosynthesise

Question 6

Define saprotrophs

Answer 6

secretes enzymes (extracellular)
absorbs products

Question 7

Define heterotrophic

Answer 7

feeding

Question 8

Which of these are saprotrophs, autotrophs or heterotrophs?

animals
plants
fungi
protoctists
bacteria
virus

Answer 8

saprotrophs: all fungi, some bacteria
autotrophs: all plants, some protoctists, some bacteria
heterotrophs: all animals, some protoctists, some bacteria

Question 9

Whcih of these are living or non-living?

animals
plants
fungi
protoctists
bacteria
virus

If they are living, they do MRS C GREN

Answer 9

living:
animals
plants
fungi
protoctists
bacteria
non-living:
virus

Question 10

Which of these are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

animals
plants
fungi
protoctists
bacteria
virus

Answer 10

eukaryotic: plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
prokaryotic: bacteria
virus is neither

Question 11

Describe bacteria

Answer 11

prokaryotic
very small (0.2 - 2 um)
LIVING - do MRS C GREN
e.g. lactobacillus bulgaricus - produces yoghurt
pathogen - pneumococcus - pneumonia - killed by antibiotics

Question 12

Are bacteria autotrophs or saprotrophs?

Answer 12

some are autotrophs - make own food
most are saprotrophs

Question 13

example of bacteria and disease caused

Answer 13

pneumococcus -> pneumonia

Question 14

conversion of
cm -> mm-> um -> nm

Answer 14

cm x10 mm x1000 um x1000 nm

Question 15

Describe virus

Answer 15

prokaryotic
smaller than bacteria (0.1um)
needs a host cell to replicate (not living - don’t do MRS C GREN, so referred to as particle, NOT cell)
don’t have a cellular structure - no cytoplasm/ membrane

structure -> protein coat + strand of genes instead of nucleus (nucleic acid - either DNA or RNA)

Question 16

Example of virus and disease caused

2 in animals, 1 in plants

Answer 16

HIV -> AIDS
influenza -> flu
tobacco mosaic virus -> prevents chloroplasts from growing (discoloured leaves of tobacco plants)

Question 17

Can viruses be treated with antibiotics?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

Describe unicellular fungi

Answer 18

eukaryotic

Question 19

Describe multicellular fungi

Answer 19

prokaryotic
multicellular made up hyphae (cells fused together to form hyphae)

Question 20

Examples of unicellular and multicellular fungi

Answer 20

unicellular = yeast