B3: Organisation Flashcards
Where is bile made?
In the liver
Where is bile stored?
In the gall bladder
What are 2 functions of bile?
Alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increase surface area
What is the function of epithelial tissues?
Cover the body’s surfaces
What is the function of glandular tissues?
Making and secreting chemicals like enzymes, hormones and contracts muscular walls to churn food
What are 2 functions of the stomach?
Killing microorganisms and breaking down proteins
Why are enzymes important to us?
They help speed up chemical reactions
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed in the process
Give 2 reasons why we cannot increase the temperature of our cells to increase chemical reactions?
It requires a lot of energy and high temperatures can damage our cells
What does ‘optimum’ mean?
The factor which gives the highest enzyme activity
Explain how increasing the temperature can cause an enzyme to denature
High temperature breaks the bonds that hold the enzyme together. This alters the shape of the active site, meaning that it is no longer complementary to the substrate. This denatures the enzyme.
What is the function of carbohydrates?
They provide us with energy for chemical reactions and to move around
What is the function of lipids?
They act as long term stores of energy, insulation and protect our organs
What is the function of proteins?
Growth and repair damaged tissue
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins are organic molecules, meaning they are made from living organisms
What is the function of fibre?
Helps food to move through intestines better
What are examples of simple carbohydrates?
Glucose and fructose
What are examples of complex carbohydrates?
Glycogen and starch
Where are complex carbohydrates broken down?
In the mouth and the small intestine
What are amino acids made out of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Where are proteins broken down?
In the stomach and the small intestine
Where are lipids broken down?
In the small intestine
What is a polymer of glucose?
Starch
What are the 2 main roles of the digestive system?
Digest food and absorb the food molecules into the body
What is the test for sugars?
Benedict’s test
What are 2 safety precautions for the benedict’s test?
Place a test tube holder to hold in the water bath and place water bath away from you and anyone else to avoid burns
What does a positive test for sugars look like?
Blue to green, yellow or brick red
What does a positive test for lipids look like?
Red layer on top of NOT FILTERED solution
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions in our body
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions in our body
What does metabolism include?
Respiration, breakdown of excess urea to form amino acids and the formation of lipids
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions in our body
