B2: Cell Division Flashcards
What is mitosis important for?
The growth, repair and development of multicellular organisms
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation
What can stem cells from human embryos do?
Be cloned and made to differentiate into most different types of human cells
What can stem cells from adult bone marrow form?
Many types of cells including blood cells
What can meristem tissue differentiate into?
Any type of plant throughout the life of the plant
How else can stem cells be used?
For treatment of conditions such as diabetes and paralysis
What happens in therapeutic cloning?
An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient
What are 2 disadvantages of the use of stem cells?
They can transfer viral infections, tumour development due to quick division and some people may have ethical or religious objections
What are 2 advantages of stem cells from meristems?
Rare species can be cloned to be protected from extinction and crop plants with special features can be cloned to produce large numbers for farmers
When do most types of animal cells differentiate?
At an early stage
What happens in the first stage of the cell cycle?
Cell grows in size, increasing number of subcellular structures
What happens in the second stage of the cell cycle?
DNA replicates, forming 2 copies of each chromosome. One set of chromosomes is pulled apart and the nucleus divides
What happens in the final stage of the cell cycle?
Cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form 2 identical daughter cells
Where in the body are adult stem cells found?
In the bone marrow
Which 2 parts of the plant contain meristem tissue?
The tip of the roots and the tip of the shoots
