B3 Digestive system

Question 1

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed.

Question 2

Name the two types of digestion that takes place

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion

Question 3

Name the enzyme found in saliva

Answer 3

Salivary amylase

Question 4

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 4

Catalyses the hydrolysis of starch
Moistens the food to make it easy to swallow

Question 5

Where is amylase made in the body?

Answer 5

Salivary glands
Pancreas

Question 6

Describe the reaction catalysed by amylase

Answer 6

Hydrolysis
Starch –> maltose
Glycogen –> maltose

Question 7

Name three disaccharides

Answer 7

Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose

Question 8

Describe the reaction catalysed by maltase

Answer 8

Hydrolysis
Maltose broken down into alpha glucose

Question 9

Describe the reaction catalysed by lactose

Answer 9

Hydrolysis
Lactose broken down into glucose and galactose

Question 10

Describe the reaction catalysed by sucrose

Answer 10

Hydrolysis
Sucrose broken down into glucose and fructose

Question 11

Where are disaccharides found?

Answer 11

Membrane bound on epithelium of small intestine

Question 12

Name the structures labelled A-D

Answer 12

A = oesophagus
B = Liver
C = Large intestine
D = Small intestine

Question 13

Name the structures labelled A-C

Answer 13

A = Gall bladder
B = Stomach
C = Pancreas

Question 14

Name the parts of the digestive system wall labelled A-C

Answer 14

A = Serosa
B = Layer of muscle
C = Mucosa

Question 15

Why does the stomach wall produce mucus?

Answer 15

Reduce self digestion

Question 16

Name the type of cell that produces mucus

Answer 16

Goblet cell

Question 17

Name the acid produced in the stomach

Answer 17

Hydrochloric acid

Question 18

Name the type of cell that produces hydrochloric acid

Answer 18

Oxyntic cell

Question 19

Why does the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid?

Answer 19

1. Activates pepsinogen
2. Provides optimum pH for pepsin
3. Kills pathogen in food and drink

Question 20

Name the type of bond broken down by endopeptidases and exopeptidases

Answer 20

Peptide bonds

Question 21

Name the endopeptidase secreted by gastric glands

Answer 21

Pepsin

Question 22

Name the exopeptidase secreted by the pancreas

Answer 22

Trypsin

Question 23

How is pepsinogen activated?

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid

Question 24

How is trypsinogen activated?

Answer 24

Enterokinase

Question 25

The stomach has a pH of ......

Answer 25

pH 1-2

Question 26

The small intestine has a pH of .......

Answer 26

pH 7

Question 27

How is the hydrochloric acid neutralised in the small intestine?

Answer 27

Bile and pancreatic juice is alkaline

Question 28

What effect do bile salts have on lipids?

Answer 28

Emulsifies them to create a large surface area for enzyme action

Question 29

Where is bile made?

Answer 29

Liver

Question 30

Where is bile stored?

Answer 30

Gall bladder

Question 31

Name the enzyme used to hydrolyse lipids

Answer 31

Lipase

Question 32

The hydrolysis of proteins releases ........

Answer 32

Amino acids

Question 33

The hydrolysis of lipids produces ...

Answer 33

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 34

The hydrolysis of starch releases ....

Answer 34

Glucose

Question 35

Name the structure seen in the diagram

Answer 35

Villus

Question 36

How is the villus adapted for absorption?

Answer 36

1. Large surface area 2. Thin walls 3. Steep concentration gradient 4. Rich blood supply

Question 37

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 37

Transports food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 38

Name the process used to push food along the digestive system?

Answer 38

Peristalsis

Question 39

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 39

Hydrolysis of protein By pepsin

Question 40

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 40

Digestion of food Absorption of digested food

Question 41

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 41

Absorbs water