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1. Medical Science JDW MASTER > B3 Digestive system > Flashcards

B3 Digestive system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed.

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2
Q

Name the two types of digestion that takes place

A

Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion

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3
Q

Name the enzyme found in saliva

A

Salivary amylase

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4
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Catalyses the hydrolysis of starch
Moistens the food to make it easy to swallow

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5
Q

Where is amylase made in the body?

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas

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6
Q

Describe the reaction catalysed by amylase

A

Hydrolysis
Starch –> maltose
Glycogen –> maltose

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7
Q

Name three disaccharides

A

Lactase
Sucrase
Maltase

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8
Q

Describe the reaction catalysed by maltase

A

Hydrolysis
Maltose broken down into alpha glucose

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9
Q

Describe the reaction catalysed by lactose

A

Hydrolysis
Lactose broken down into glucose and galactose

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10
Q

Describe the reaction catalysed by sucrose

A

Hydrolysis
Sucrose broken down into glucose and fructose

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11
Q

Where are disaccharides found?

A

Membrane bound on epithelium of small intestine

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12
Q

Name the structures labelled A-D

A

A = oesophagus
B = Liver
C = Large intestine
D = Small intestine

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13
Q

Name the structures labelled A-C

A

A = Gall bladder
B = Stomach
C = Pancreas

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14
Q

Name the parts of the digestive system wall labelled A-C

A

A = Serosa
B = Layer of muscle
C = Mucosa

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15
Q

Why does the stomach wall produce mucus?

A

Reduce self digestion

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16
Q

Name the type of cell that produces mucus

A

Goblet cell

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17
Q

Name the acid produced in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

18
Q

Name the type of cell that produces hydrochloric acid

A

Oxyntic cell

19
Q

Why does the stomach wall produce hydrochloric acid?

A
  1. Activates pepsinogen
  2. Provides optimum pH for pepsin
  3. Kills pathogen in food and drink
20
Q

Name the type of bond broken down by endopeptidases and exopeptidases

A

Peptide bonds

21
Q

Name the endopeptidase secreted by gastric glands

A

Pepsin

22
Q

Name the exopeptidase secreted by the pancreas

A

Trypsin

23
Q

How is pepsinogen activated?

A

Hydrochloric acid

24
Q

How is trypsinogen activated?

A

Enterokinase

25
Q

The stomach has a pH of ……

A

pH 1-2

26
Q

The small intestine has a pH of …….

A

pH 7

27
Q

How is the hydrochloric acid neutralised in the small intestine?

A

Bile and pancreatic juice is alkaline

28
Q

What effect do bile salts have on lipids?

A

Emulsifies them to create a large surface area for enzyme action

29
Q

Where is bile made?

A

Liver

30
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

31
Q

Name the enzyme used to hydrolyse lipids

A

Lipase

32
Q

The hydrolysis of proteins releases ……..

A

Amino acids

33
Q

The hydrolysis of lipids produces …

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

34
Q

The hydrolysis of starch releases ….

A

Glucose

35
Q

Name the structure seen in the diagram

A

Villus

36
Q

How is the villus adapted for absorption?

A
  1. Large surface area
  2. Thin walls
  3. Steep concentration gradient
  4. Rich blood supply
37
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Transports food from the mouth to the stomach

38
Q

Name the process used to push food along the digestive system?

A

Peristalsis

39
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Hydrolysis of protein
By pepsin

40
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Digestion of food
Absorption of digested food

41
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water

1. Medical Science JDW MASTER (16 decks)

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