A4 Endocrine system - Kidney

Question 1

Name the organ responsible for removing urea from the blood and forming urine

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

Name structures A-C shown on the diagram

Answer 2

A= Glomerulus
B = Proximal convoluted tubule
C = Loop of Henle

Question 3

Describe what happens in the part of the kidney shown in the diagram

Answer 3

Ultrafiltration
Small molecules are removed from the glomerulus by high hydrostatic pressure
Produces glomerular filtrate

Question 4

Label the structures A-D on the diagram

Answer 4

A = Glomerulus
B = Bowman’s Capsule
C = afferent arteriole
D = efferent arteriole

Question 5

Describe the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the formation of urine

Answer 5

Selective reabsorption
Useful molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood (peritubular capillaries)

Question 6

Describe the role of the Loop of Henle

Answer 6

Concentrates salts in the tissue fluid of medulla
Causes osmotic flow of water out of collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Question 7

Name the gland that secretes ADH

Answer 7

Pituitary gland

Question 8

Describe the role of ADH

Answer 8

Increases reabsorption of water into the blood from the collecting ducts and distil convoluted tubule
Produces concentrated urine

Question 9

Where are the osmoreceptors found?

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Name the coordinator

Answer 10

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 11

Name the effector

Answer 11

Distil convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells

Question 12

How does ADH increase the absorption of water into the blood?

Answer 12

Increases the permeability of the cell membranes of the distil convoluted tubule and collecting ducts to water

Question 13

What are podocytes?

Answer 13

Specialised cells which wrap round the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Question 14

Name the parts of the kidney nephron labelled A-C

Answer 14

A = Bowman’s capsule
B = Distil convoluted tubule
C = Collecting duct