B.3-digestion

Question 1

what are the two main roles of the digestive system

Answer 1

digestion- process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules

absorption- process of absorbing small food molecules into the body

Question 2

name all the organs that food passes through

Answer 2

-mouth
-oesophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-rectum
-anus

Question 3

the digestive system is an example of an organ system
what is an organ system

Answer 3

group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism’s body.

Question 4

the breakdown of food is catalysed by …

Answer 4

enzymes

Question 5

what is the oesophagus

Answer 5

a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 6

3things the stomach does to aid digestion

Answer 6

-contracts muscular walls to churn and mix food
-produces pepsin, a type of protease and breaks proteins down into amino acids
-produces hydrochloric acid, killing microorganisms

Question 7

name the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Answer 7

oesophagus

Question 8

where is bile made and stored

Answer 8

made by the liver
stored in the gallbladder

Question 9

name 2 roles of bile

Answer 9

-to emulsify lipids
-to neutralise the acid from the stomach

Question 10

state what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 10

carbohydrase
-it breaks starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
-

Question 11

state what enzyme breaks down proteins

Answer 11

protease
-foods such as meat, fish into amino acids

Question 12

what are fats broken down into

Answer 12

fatty acids and glycerol
-in the small intestine
-LIPASE

Question 13

what enzyme (s) does the pancreas produce

Answer 13

-carbohydrases
-proteases
-lipases

Question 14

which enzyme does the stomach produce

Answer 14

proteases

Question 15

state how the protease secreted in the stomach work efficiently

Answer 15

-by hydrochloric acid giving the stomach a low pH

Question 16

2roles of the small intestine

Answer 16

-where most digestion takes place
-where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 17

main role of large intestine

Answer 17

to reabsorb water

Question 18

main role of rectum

Answer 18

to store FAECES until they’re ready to be released

Question 19

4ways villis adapsted to its role

Answer 19

-many of them, large total surface area to absorb nutrients
-walls have single layer of cells
-good supply of blood
-cells lining the villi have microvilli on their surface

Question 20

whats the main carb we eat

Answer 20

starch

Question 21

what organs in the body produce lipase enzymes

Answer 21

small intestines and pancreas

Question 22

which enzyme breaks down starch and what into

Answer 22

amylase
into maltose molecules

Question 23

whats the role of the salivary glands

Answer 23

to proudce saliva
-moistens foods, so easier to swallow
-contains salivary amylase which digests starch into maltose

Question 24

what organs in the body produce amylase

Answer 24

-salivary glands
-pancreas
-small intestine