B3 Adaption And Inheritance Flashcards
What do animals compete for?
Food
Water
Space- to hunt and for shelter
Mates- to reproduce
What is competition?
When animals compete with each other to get enough reasources to survive, in a habitat
What do plant compete for?
Light
Water
Space
Minerals- to keep them healthy
What are Adaptions?
Characteristics that enable an organism to be successful and survive
What are normally the best competitors?
The best predators that are fast, strong and quick to find prey.
How can an animal survive the desert?
By adapting to the habitat. Having a large body that beats up slowly Doesnt sweat Wide feet to stand on sand Big bladder
How do plants live in the desert?
Adapting to the habitat
Stems that store water
Widespread roots
A wady layer that reduces water escaping
Why do trees lose theyre leaves in the winter?
This saves energy ans the fallen leaves provide a layer of warmth and protection around the base of the tree
What are the different ways how animals cope with different seasons
Hibernation (bears)
Migration (birds)
Grow thicker fur (sheep)
What is hibernation
Where animals like bears find somewhere warm to sleep through winter
What is migration
Where animals move somewhere warmer or somewhere with more food
How has a snowshoe hare adapted to their environment
During the winter they have white fur to blend in with the snow and during the summer it turnes brown to blead in with the ground
Why does a snowshoe hare change the colour of its fur
To blend in with it’s surroundings to hide from predators- which increases their chance of survival
What is interdependence
The way in which living organisms depend on each other to survive, grow and reproduce
What does interdependence mean to the two species
If one of them has a change in population the other is immediately affected
How can a predator-prey relationship be shown
By polting a predator-prey graph
How can plants or animals lose their habitats
Fire
Climate change
Why might food suplies be reduced
Disease in the animals
How do organisms cope with change
The best adapted organisms with survive and reporduce, increasing the population and not well adapted organisms will die or have to migrate
How do organisms vary?
Differences in characteristics are known as variation
What is variation?
Differences in characteristics within a species
How do humans vary
Languages Height Blood type Hobbies Intelligence Eye colour
What is inherited variation?
Characteristics that people have inheritedfrom thier parents (eye colour)
What is environmental variation
Variation caused by your surroundings (education)
How can inherited variations change
You might have inherited your height from your dad but if you eat poor that will reduce your growth
What are inherited characteristics that can not be affected by environmental variations
Eye colour
Blood group
Genetic diseases
What is meant by species
Organisms that have lots of characteristics in common, and can mate to produce fertile offspring
What is dicontinuous variation
Characteristics that can only be a certain value (blood type)
What is continuous variation
A characteristic that can take any value with a range (height)
How do you plot discontinuous various
On a bar chart
What types of variation do inherited variation normally fall under
Discontinuous
How do you plot continuous variation
On a histogram
What is normally shown on a histogran
Characteristics that are both environmental and inherited variation
How do you inherit characteristics
From your parents genetic material stored in the nucleus of your cells this is called DNA
What does DNA do
It contains all the information needed to make an organism
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are chromosomes
The name given to the long strands that your DNA is arranged into inside the nucleus
how many chromosomes do humans have
46 that are arranged into 28 pairs
Why are chromosomes in pairs
In each pair there is one form your mother ans one from your father
What are genes
Genes the sections that hold the information to produce a characteristic that are in chromosomes which are devided into sections of DNA
How are there pairs of chromosomes
Egg and sperm cells contain only 23 chromosomes. During fertilisation the egg and sperm calls join together and whem their nuclei join the chromosomes pair up
Who discovered DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
James Watson
Francis Crick
What is elvolution
When spieces have developed over millions of years
How do organisms evolve
Through the process of natual selection.
What is natual selection
Process by which the organisms with the characteristics that are most suited to the environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes
What is a fossil
The remians of plants and animals that have turned to stone
What do fossils provide
Evidence for evolution becuase the organisms remains have been preserved
If a speices is extinct
Why would evolution happen quickly
If there were dramatic changes in the organisms environment
How has a peppered moth evolved
Before the Industrial revolution most mothe were pale coloured to bels in with tree bark. So they could hide form prey.
After the industrial revolution trees were covered in soot turning black. The peppered moths couldn’t camouflage. After several years most of the moths were dark couloured in order to survive
What is survival of the fittest
Where organisms that are best adapted to the environment live and ones that aren’t die
What is extinction
When no more individuals of a species are left anywhere in the world
An extinct species is gone forever
How do we know other species existed
Fossil records show that many other species have become extinct
How do organisms become extinct
Chnages to the organisms environment
Destruction of habitat
Outbreak of new disease
Introduction of new predators and competitors
How do scientists think the dinosaurs went extinct
Most scientists believe that dinosaurs became extinct due to dramatic change in the Earths climate, after a meteor hit the Earth
How did the dodos go extinct
In the 17th century peiple arrived pn Mauritus island and hunted the dodos for food and the rats that came in the ships ate the dodo eggs
What happenes when a speices become extinct
Biodiversity is reduced
What is biodiversity
The range of organisms living in an area
What does endangered mean
When a species of plants or animals that have only a small population in the world
How can we prevent extinction
Using gene banks
What are the differnet types of gene banks
Seed banks
Tissue banks (buds from plants)
Cryobanks (seed or embryo preserved)
Pollen banks (pollen grains)
What do gene banks do
Gene banks store genetic samples from different species so they can be used for research or to produce new individuals
