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Science year 8 > B3 Adaption And Inheritance > Flashcards

B3 Adaption And Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Food
Water
Space- to hunt and for shelter
Mates- to reproduce

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2
Q

What is competition?

A

When animals compete with each other to get enough reasources to survive, in a habitat

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3
Q

What do plant compete for?

A

Light
Water
Space
Minerals- to keep them healthy

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4
Q

What are Adaptions?

A

Characteristics that enable an organism to be successful and survive

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5
Q

What are normally the best competitors?

A

The best predators that are fast, strong and quick to find prey.

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6
Q

How can an animal survive the desert?

A 
By adapting to the habitat.
   Having a large body that beats up slowly 
   Doesnt sweat
   Wide feet to stand on sand
   Big bladder
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7
Q

How do plants live in the desert?

A

Adapting to the habitat
Stems that store water
Widespread roots
A wady layer that reduces water escaping

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8
Q

Why do trees lose theyre leaves in the winter?

A

This saves energy ans the fallen leaves provide a layer of warmth and protection around the base of the tree

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9
Q

What are the different ways how animals cope with different seasons

A

Hibernation (bears)
Migration (birds)
Grow thicker fur (sheep)

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10
Q

What is hibernation

A

Where animals like bears find somewhere warm to sleep through winter

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11
Q

What is migration

A

Where animals move somewhere warmer or somewhere with more food

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12
Q

How has a snowshoe hare adapted to their environment

A

During the winter they have white fur to blend in with the snow and during the summer it turnes brown to blead in with the ground

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13
Q

Why does a snowshoe hare change the colour of its fur

A

To blend in with it’s surroundings to hide from predators- which increases their chance of survival

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14
Q

What is interdependence

A

The way in which living organisms depend on each other to survive, grow and reproduce

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15
Q

What does interdependence mean to the two species

A

If one of them has a change in population the other is immediately affected

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16
Q

How can a predator-prey relationship be shown

A

By polting a predator-prey graph

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17
Q

How can plants or animals lose their habitats

A

Fire

Climate change

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18
Q

Why might food suplies be reduced

A

Disease in the animals

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19
Q

How do organisms cope with change

A

The best adapted organisms with survive and reporduce, increasing the population and not well adapted organisms will die or have to migrate

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20
Q

How do organisms vary?

A

Differences in characteristics are known as variation

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21
Q

What is variation?

A

Differences in characteristics within a species

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22
Q

How do humans vary

A 
Languages
Height
Blood type
Hobbies
Intelligence 
Eye colour
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23
Q

What is inherited variation?

A

Characteristics that people have inheritedfrom thier parents (eye colour)

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24
Q

What is environmental variation

A

Variation caused by your surroundings (education)

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25
Q

How can inherited variations change

A

You might have inherited your height from your dad but if you eat poor that will reduce your growth

26
Q

What are inherited characteristics that can not be affected by environmental variations

A

Eye colour
Blood group
Genetic diseases

27
Q

What is meant by species

A

Organisms that have lots of characteristics in common, and can mate to produce fertile offspring

28
Q

What is dicontinuous variation

A

Characteristics that can only be a certain value (blood type)

29
Q

What is continuous variation

A

A characteristic that can take any value with a range (height)

30
Q

How do you plot discontinuous various

A

On a bar chart

31
Q

What types of variation do inherited variation normally fall under

A

Discontinuous

32
Q

How do you plot continuous variation

A

On a histogram

33
Q

What is normally shown on a histogran

A

Characteristics that are both environmental and inherited variation

34
Q

How do you inherit characteristics

A

From your parents genetic material stored in the nucleus of your cells this is called DNA

35
Q

What does DNA do

A

It contains all the information needed to make an organism

36
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

37
Q

What are chromosomes

A

The name given to the long strands that your DNA is arranged into inside the nucleus

38
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have

A

46 that are arranged into 28 pairs

39
Q

Why are chromosomes in pairs

A

In each pair there is one form your mother ans one from your father

40
Q

What are genes

A

Genes the sections that hold the information to produce a characteristic that are in chromosomes which are devided into sections of DNA

41
Q

How are there pairs of chromosomes

A

Egg and sperm cells contain only 23 chromosomes. During fertilisation the egg and sperm calls join together and whem their nuclei join the chromosomes pair up

42
Q

Who discovered DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
James Watson
Francis Crick

43
Q

What is elvolution

A

When spieces have developed over millions of years

44
Q

How do organisms evolve

A

Through the process of natual selection.

45
Q

What is natual selection

A

Process by which the organisms with the characteristics that are most suited to the environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes

46
Q

What is a fossil

A

The remians of plants and animals that have turned to stone

47
Q

What do fossils provide

A

Evidence for evolution becuase the organisms remains have been preserved
If a speices is extinct

48
Q

Why would evolution happen quickly

A

If there were dramatic changes in the organisms environment

49
Q

How has a peppered moth evolved

A

Before the Industrial revolution most mothe were pale coloured to bels in with tree bark. So they could hide form prey.
After the industrial revolution trees were covered in soot turning black. The peppered moths couldn’t camouflage. After several years most of the moths were dark couloured in order to survive

50
Q

What is survival of the fittest

A

Where organisms that are best adapted to the environment live and ones that aren’t die

51
Q

What is extinction

A

When no more individuals of a species are left anywhere in the world
An extinct species is gone forever

52
Q

How do we know other species existed

A

Fossil records show that many other species have become extinct

53
Q

How do organisms become extinct

A

Chnages to the organisms environment
Destruction of habitat
Outbreak of new disease
Introduction of new predators and competitors

54
Q

How do scientists think the dinosaurs went extinct

A

Most scientists believe that dinosaurs became extinct due to dramatic change in the Earths climate, after a meteor hit the Earth

55
Q

How did the dodos go extinct

A

In the 17th century peiple arrived pn Mauritus island and hunted the dodos for food and the rats that came in the ships ate the dodo eggs

56
Q

What happenes when a speices become extinct

A

Biodiversity is reduced

57
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The range of organisms living in an area

58
Q

What does endangered mean

A

When a species of plants or animals that have only a small population in the world

59
Q

How can we prevent extinction

A

Using gene banks

60
Q

What are the differnet types of gene banks

A

Seed banks
Tissue banks (buds from plants)
Cryobanks (seed or embryo preserved)
Pollen banks (pollen grains)

61
Q

What do gene banks do

A

Gene banks store genetic samples from different species so they can be used for research or to produce new individuals

Science year 8 (10 decks)

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