B1 Eating healthy Flashcards
What do carbohydrates do
provide energy
what do lipids do
provide energy
keep you warm - provide a layer of insulation under skin
protect organs from damage
what do proteins do
protein is needed to repair body tissues and to make new cells for growth. Muscels, organs and the immune system are mostly made from protein.
what do vitimins and minerals do
Keep you healthy - essential substances for keeping you healthy but you onlu need tiny ammounts. they help you grow, develop and funtion normally.
what does water do
helps cells and body fluids as it is needed to replace all the after loss from sweat, urine, feces and exhaling.
what does fibre do
provides bulk to food to keep it moving though the gut
to remain healthy you must eat a…
balanced diet
Where are carbohydrates found
In sugary foods like sugar and fruit - they provide a quick energy source. starch like pasta and bread - energy is releasedd more slowly.
how much water should you drink a day
over a liter - tea, fruit juice and squash all count
define nutrient
essential substance that your body needs to survive, provided by food
what do you need for most food test
a food solution
how do you make a food solution
crush the food using a pestle and mortar
add a few drops of water, and mix well
(you should you a special type of water called distilled water)
what is so special about distilled water
it is pure - it contains no other cemical substances
how do you test food for starch
you use iodine solution
1) add a few drops of iodine solution to the food solution.
2) if the food turns a dark blue-black colour the food contains starch.
how do you test solid food for lipids
you use a piece of filter paper and solid food
1) rub some of the food onto a bit of filter paper
2) hold paper up to some light - if it goes translucent the food contains lipids
how do you test a food solution for lipids
you use ethanol
1) add a few drops of ethanol to the food solution
2) shake test tube and leave for one minute
3) pour the ethanol into a test tube of water
4) if the solution turns cloudy it contains lipids
how do you test for sugar
you use Benedicts solution (a blue liquid)
1) add a few drops of Benedicts to the food solution
2) heat the test tube in a water bath
3) if the solution turns orange-red the food contains sugar.
how do you test for protein
you use copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution
1) add a few drops of copper sulfate solution to you food solution
2) add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution
3) if the solution turns purple the food contains protein.
What is energy in food measured as
joules (J) or kilojoules (KJ)
What is the extreme case of not eating enough food
Starvation
What will happen if the energy in the food you eat is LESS than the energy you use?
You lose body mass, leading in becoming underweight
What do underweight people suffer from
1) health problems - poor immune system
2) lack of energy - tiredness
3) suffer from lack of vitamins or minerals
What happens if the energy in the food you eat is MORE tha your body mass?
You gain body mass leading to becoming overweight or obese in extreme cases
Where is fat stored
under the skin
Obese means….
when a person is extremly overweight
Overweight people have increase risk of….
1) heart dissease
2) stroke
3) diabetes
4) some cancers
If a person doesn’t have enought of a certain vitamin or mineral what do they have?
A deficiency
How much energy does your body need
It depends on you age, body size and how active you are. The more body mass and exercise you do they more energy you need.
What is the digestive system
The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to break down food. As the nutrients you eat are large molecules that need to be broken down into smaller molecules.
Where do nutrients go after digested
Into your blood where they are used by the body
What is the order of your organs in the digestive system
mouth gullet stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus
What happens in the mouth
food is chewed and mixed with saliva. the teeth help break up the food into smaller chuncks
what happeds in the stomach
food is mixed with digestive juices and acids
what happens in the small intestine
diggestive juices from the liver and pancreas in added and diggestion is complete. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream
what happens in the large intestine
only food that can’t be diggested get this far. water passes back into the body leaving a solid waste, called feces
where are the feces stored
the rectum
what is the anus
the muscular ring that the feces pass out of the body
How does food move through the gut
Muscles push against the fibre, which can’t be digested giving bulk to the food, forcing it along the gut.
how are the nutrients passed through into the blood
The small intestine is adapt - its wall is thin and covered in tiny structures called villi. these stick out the wall and give a bigger surface area. they also contain blood capillaries to carry away the absored food molecules.
What does the good bacteria in the large intestine do
Live on the fibre in your diet - and make important vitamins like vitamin K these vitamins are absored into the body to stay healthy.
what is the food called that contains usefull bacteria
probiotic foods
What do enzymes do
they speed up digestion without being used up
what are enzymes
they are a special protien that break up large molecules into smaller ones - they are known as a biological catalyst
What are the three main types of enzyme in digestion
carbohydrase
protease
lipase
what does carbohydrase do
its an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules - this happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
what do protease do
its an enzyme that breaks proteins into amino acids - this happens in the stomach and small intestine.
what do acids in the stomach do
helps digestion and kills harmful microoganisms in food
what do lipase do
its and enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol - this happens in the small intestine and helped by bile.
what are drugs
drugs are substances that affect the way your body works - they altar checmical reactions that take place inside your body
what are the two types of drugs
medicinal drugs and recreational drugs
what are medicinal drugs
medicinial drugs are used in medicine. they benefit your health in some way. however some medicinal drugs can cause you pain if you don’t take them right away and can have some unwanted side affects
what are recreational drugs
recreational drugs are drugs people take for enjoyment, to help them relax or stay awake. they normally have no health benefits and in many cases are harmful. many are illegal and small amounts of these drugs can damage your body.
What is drug addiction
drug addiction is when someone become dependant on a drug. meaning you have to keep taking the drug to feel normal
what may someone with a drug addiction suffer if the stop taking the drug
withdrawal symptoms - these can be very unpleasant.
what is an example of a withdrawal symptom
headahes, anxiety and sweating
What is alcohol
alchohol contains a drug called ethanol. when you drink alcohol, ethanol is abrorbed into your bloodstream. Then traveling to your brain slowing down your nervous system.
what type of chemical is alcohol
its called a drepressant because it slows down your body’s reactions.
how much alcohol can you drink safely
(to lower the risk of damage to your body) its suggested that women drink 2 units of alcohol per day and men drink a max of 3 units per day.
these can only be guidline tho because it really depends on height, weight and gender.
what are the main dangers of alcohol
drink large amounts of alcohol can lead to stomach ulcers, heart disease, and brain and liver damage.
how does you liver become damaged after drinking large amounts of alcohol
your liver breaks down harmful chemicals into harmless waste. having to break down large amounts of ethanol the liver becomes scarred. that means that it works less efficiently, taking longer to break down alcohol and other chemicals
what is the condition called where the liver take longer to break down alcohol and other substances
cirrhosis of the liver - this can result in death
when pregnate women drink what does it increase the chance of
miscarriage, still brith, premature birth, low-birth-weight babies
what can happen to the baby if a preganate womandrinks alcohol?
when the woman drinks the alcohol is diffused into the babies bloodstream. It can then danmage the developing organs and nervous system.
what is the term for when acohol afftects the way a baby’s brain developes
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - this can result the child with learing difficulties, facial problems and poor immune systems.
why is smoking dangerous
it increase chances of developing conditions like, breaking problems, cancer, heart attacks and strokes.
when people breath in other people’s smoke this is called……
passive smoking
what can happen smoking around or with having children
increased risk of misscarriage, low-birth-weight babies and harms the fetuses development, sudden-indant-death syndrome and respiratory illness.
whats in tobacco smoke
over 4000 chemicals including, tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.
what is tar
a sticky black material that collects in the lungs, it irritates and narrows the airways.
what is nicotien
an addicive drug the speeds up the nervous system, it is a simulant, which makes the heart beat faster and blood vessels narrow.
what is carbon monoxide
a poisionous gas the stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as it should. it binds to the red blood cells in the place of oxygen.
how does smoking lead to heart dissease
smoking causes the perosn’s arteries to become blocked. this prevents blood flow and cancause a heart attack or stroke.
how does smoking lead to Emphysema (lung disease)
the chemicals in tobacco affect the alveoli in the lungs , they’re walls get weakened so they can’t inflate properly. reducing the amount of oxygen that can pass into the blood leaving the person breathless and in coughing fits.
how deos smoking lead to repiratpry infections
the cell that line your windpipe produce mucus, which traps dirt and microoganisms. they also have cilia that sweep mucus into your stomach. chemical in the tobacco stop the cilia from moving, this allows the mucus to flow into your lungs making it harder to breath and often causing infection.
