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IBI Test 2 > B3-088 Fungal Infections > Flashcards

B3-088 Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

cell wall membrane of fungi contains

A

ergosterol

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2
Q

single celled fungi

A

yeast

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3
Q

multicellular hyphae

A

mold

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4
Q

tube like outgrowth that is the beginning of a hypha

A

germ-tube

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5
Q

[yeast] chain of cells produced when buds fail to disassociated

sausage like

A

pseudohyphae

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6
Q

[yeast and mold] long, branching filamentous-like structure that fungi use for vegetative growth

A

hypha

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7
Q

[yeast] fungal spores produced by segmentation/breakup of hyphae

barrel shaped or rectangular

A

arthroconidia

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8
Q

[mold] mat or mass of hyphae

A

mycelium

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9
Q

[mold] sac like structure

A

sporangium

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10
Q

[mold] produced sexually of asexually within sporangium

A

spores

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11
Q

[mold] stalk bearing sporangium

A

sporangiophore

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12
Q

[mold] asexual; not enclosed in sac

A

conidium

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13
Q

[mold] specialized hyphal stalk on which condida are formed

A

condidiophore

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14
Q

[mold] enlarged, thick walled, contains stored food

A

chlamydoconidium

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15
Q

containing no pigment

A

hyaline

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16
Q

containing a dark melanin pigment

A

dematiaceous

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17
Q

fungus with the ability to obtain nutrients from keratin and infect skin

A

dermatophyte

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18
Q

having two distinct forms; temperature dependent changes

A

dimorphic

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19
Q

microsporum
trichophyton
epidermophyton

are what type of fungi?

A

dermatophytes

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20
Q

dermatophytes cause

A

ringworm

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21
Q

nail infection caused by any fungus

A

onychomycosis

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22
Q

dermatophytes commonly infect [group of people]

A

athletes

gyms, locker rooms

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23
Q

are dermatophytes highly contagious?

A

yes

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24
Q

ring appearance on skin

A

dermatophyte

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25
Q

discolored, thick, or crumbling nails

A

dermatophyte

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26
Q

may impact skin pigmentation

A

dermatophyte

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27
Q

diagnosis is primarily based on appearance of the skin

A

dermatophyte

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28
Q

dissolves the keratin material so the fungi can be seen better

A

KOH

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29
Q

Wood’s light can be used to help diagnose

A

tinea capitis

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30
Q

organisms rhizopus, mucor, rhizomucor cause

A

mucormycosis

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31
Q

found in bread molds

A

mucormycosis

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32
Q

mucormycosis is transmiteed via

A

inhalation of spores

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33
Q

major risk factor for mucomycosis

A

DKA

**also immunosuppressed and IV drug users

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34
Q

mucormycosis has a __________ mortality

A

very high

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35
Q

infects pulmonary, rhinocerebral, and cutaneous areas

A

mucormycosis

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36
Q

mucormycosis is diagnosed via

A

culture/direct exam

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37
Q

the hyphae of mucormycosis have a ________ angle

A

wide

**sketchy tire irons

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38
Q

mucomycosis colonies are __________

A

wooly

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39
Q

aspergillus fumigatas causes

A

most cases of invasive disease

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40
Q

aspergillus niger causes

A

aspergilloma

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41
Q

aspergillus flavus causes

A

disease in leukemic patients

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42
Q

used to ferment rice and produce sake

A

aspergillosis

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43
Q

transmission of aspergillosis

A

inhalation; traumatic implantation

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44
Q

neutropenia, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs are risk factors for

A

aspergillosis

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45
Q

the hyphae of aspergillosis have an _________ angle

A

acute angle

**differentiating from mucormycosis

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46
Q

type I hypersensitivity reaction caused by aspergillosis

A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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47
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is seen in what patient population?

A

CF and asthma

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48
Q

lung tissue is destroyed, cavities form that can lead to fungus balls

A

chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

49
Q

chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is seen in what patient populations

A

immunocompromised w/

TB, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema

50
Q

systemic aspergillosis occurs in

A

severely immunocompromised persons

51
Q

galactomanna detection

A

aspergillosis

52
Q

normal flora of skin in GI tract, GU tract, oropharyngeal tract

A

candidiasis

53
Q

infections are endogenous in origin, caused by a breakdown in mucosal membrane

A

candidiasis

54
Q

neutropenia
AIDS
abdominal surgery
prolonged antibiotics
immunosuppressants
IV catheters
long ICU stays
parental nutrition

risk factors for

A

candidiasis

55
Q

culture shows white with rapid growth and “feet”

A

candidiasis

56
Q

C. albicans produces a _______ within 2-3 hours of incubation

A

germ tube

57
Q

C. glabrata rapidly produces _______

A

trehalose (RAT test)

58
Q

common cause of “itis”s

A

candidiasis

59
Q

identified via germ tube test or RAT test

A

candidiasis

60
Q

transmission cryptococcosis

A

inhalation

61
Q

dissemination to blood, CNS, bone marrow, skin, bone

A

cryptococcosis

62
Q

HIV
lymphoproliferative malignancies
sarcoidosis
DM
transplant
corticosteroids

risk factors for

A

cryptococcosis

63
Q

thick capsule that leaves a halo appearance with India Ink test

A

cryptococcosis

64
Q

number one cause of fungal menigitis

A

cryptococcosis

65
Q

cryptococcosis is diagnosed via

A

lateral flow/latex agglutination

66
Q

causes focal pneumonitis, leading to acute respiratory failure

A

cryptococcosis

67
Q

pneumocystis is transmitted via

A

inhalation

68
Q

AIDS defining illness

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

69
Q

pneumocystis lacks ______ in cell wall

A

ergosterol

**not susceptible to amphotericin B

70
Q

causes interstitial pneumonia; alveoli filled with foamy exudate; impairs gas exchange

A

pneumocystis

71
Q

calcofluor white stain cysts

A

pneumocystis

72
Q

non-budding, clusters w/ intracystic bodies (double-comma)

A

pneumocystis

73
Q

crushed ping pong balls on GMS

A

pneumocystis

74
Q

foamy exudate on H&E

A

pneumocystis

75
Q

blastomyces
histoplasma
coccidioides
paracoccidioides
talaromyces
sporothix

are all

A

dimorphic

76
Q

dimorphic organism are generally ______ in environmental temperatures and _____ at body temperature

A

mold; yeast

77
Q

dimorphs are transmitted via

A

inhalation of conidia [mold]

78
Q

Ohio and Mississippi River Valley and SE

A

blastomycosis

79
Q

moist soil, decomposing leaf/wood, lakes, ponds

A

blastomycosis

80
Q

clinical symptoms can include:
asymptomatic
ARDS
cutaneous lesions
CNS, bone

A

blastomycosis

81
Q

broad based budding, thick walled, refractile

A

blastomycosis yeast form

82
Q

septate hyphae, conidiophore+condida=lollipop

A

blastomycosis mold form

83
Q

Ohio and Mississippi river Valley and midwest

A

histoplasmosis

84
Q

bat guano, bird droppings

A

histoplasmosis

85
Q

histoplasmosis is transmitted via

A

inhalation of microconidia, spread via the lymphatic system

86
Q

clinical presentation:
asymptomatic
acute/chronic pulmonary infection
disseminates to CNS, skin, GI
reactivation possible

A

histoplasmosis

87
Q

narrow budding

A

histoplasmosis yeast form

88
Q

tuberculate macroconidia+round microcondidia

A

histoplasmosis mold form

89
Q

San Joaquin valley
SW US

A

coccidioides

90
Q

occurs during the dry season, disappears in wet months

A

coccidioides

91
Q

coccidioides transmission

A

inhalation of spores

92
Q

barrel shaped arthroconidia are produced

A

coccidioides

93
Q

coccidioides is dimorphic, but takes a ___________ form in humans

A

spherule (filled with endospores)

94
Q

Valley Fever pneumonia

A

coccidioides

95
Q

mexico, central/south america

but cases have also been seen in every state in the US

A

sporothrix

96
Q

found in soil, decaying vegetation, rose buses, thorns, sphagum moss

A

sporothrix

97
Q

transmission sporothrix

A

aerosolization or traumatic implantation

98
Q

elongated, cigar shaped

A

sporothrix yeast form

99
Q

clusters on conidia [rosette] at conidiophore

A

sporothrix mold form

100
Q

rose gardner’s disease

A

sporothrix

101
Q

lesion forms after inoculation, then ulcerates

A

sporothrix

then spreads via lymphatics

102
Q

may mimic TB in pulmonary symptoms

A

sporothrix

103
Q

disseminated sporothix causes

A

systemic symptoms, meningitis

104
Q

central/south America (except Chili)

Brazil, venezuela, columbia, ecuador, argentina

A

paracoccidioides

105
Q

transmission paracoccidioides

A

inhalation of conidia

106
Q

being a male in agricultural work is a risk factor for

A

paracoccidioides

107
Q

causes ulcerative mucocutaneous lesions

A

paracoccidioides

108
Q

slowly progressive >30 years

A

paracoccidioides

109
Q

lymphadenopathy, CNS, adrenal gland involvement

A

paracoccidioides

110
Q

septate, branched chlamydospores

A

paracoccidioides mold form

111
Q

mariner’s wheel

A

paracoccidioides yeast form

112
Q

southeast asia, china, eastern india

A

talaromycosis

113
Q

associated with bamboo rat

A

talaromycosis

114
Q

talaromycosis transmission

A

inhalation of conidia

115
Q

dissemination of blood, bone marrow, organs

A

talaromycosis

116
Q

AIDS defining illness

A

talaromycosis

117
Q

clinical features:
skin lesions
multiple organ involvement
respiratory failure
circulatory collapse

A

talaromycosis

118
Q

diffusible red pigment, paint-brush like morphology

A

talaromycosis mold form

119
Q

fission, central septum

A

talaromycosis yeast form

IBI Test 2 (14 decks)

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