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IBI Test 2 > B3-054 Ear Infection Pathogens > Flashcards

B3-054 Ear Infection Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

primary otalgia

A

abnormal ear exam

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2
Q

do the inner ear structures cause pain in primary otalgia?

A

no

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3
Q

secondary otalgia

A

normal ear exam

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4
Q

do the inner ear structures cause pain in secondary otalgia?

A

yes, referred pain

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5
Q

causes of otitis media

A

recent UTRI-winter
red/cloudy and immobile tympanic membrane

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6
Q

causes of otitis externa

A

swimmer’s ear-summer
ear bud use
white discharge

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7
Q

common causes of secondary otalgia

A

dental caries, periodontal abscessess
pharyngitis, tonsilits

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8
Q

what characterizes malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

A

painful, granulation tissue

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9
Q

what characterizes malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

A

painful, granulation tissue

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9
Q

what characterizes malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

A

painful, granulation tissue

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10
Q

what population is concerning for malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

A

diabetes, elderly, immunocompromised

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11
Q

ramsay hunt is caused by

A

herpes zoster oticus

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12
Q

vesicular rash
vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

A

ramsay hunt

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13
Q

similar to otitis media, but no tympanic membrane bulging

A

viral myringitis

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14
Q

common pathogens causing otitis media

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
S. pyogenes

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15
Q

common pathogens causing otitis externa

A

S. epidermis
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus

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16
Q

H. influenzae is gram _______

A

negative

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17
Q

shape of H. influenzae

A

coccobacilli

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18
Q

What strain of H. flu is the most virulent?

A

type B (HiB)

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19
Q

NTHi _______ cause invasive disease

A

rarely

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20
Q

Hib colonizes the

A

oropharynx

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21
Q

Virulence factors Hib

A

fimbriae
IgA protease
LPS

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22
Q

Hib capsule is made of

A

polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)

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23
Q

Hib vaccine is a conjugate vaccine consisting of _______

A

PRP

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24
PRP allows H flu to spread to
joints meninges, CNS
25
LPS from Hib causes
disseminated disease (meningitis)
26
Hib vaccine is purified PRP conjugated to
carrier proteins
26
Hib vaccine is purified PRP conjugated to
carrier proteins
27
combination vaccines for Hib
DTap-Hib and Hepatitis B-Hib
28
the Hib vaccine contain _______ antigens
t cell dependent
29
the Hib vaccines is given at what ages?
2-18 months **prior to two months, maternal antibodies are protective
30
the Hib vaccine is not recommended >5 years of age. What are the exceptions?
sickle cell, aspenia, immunodeficiency, HIV infections
31
Hib can be diagnosed via a gram stain of ______
CSF or synovial fluid
32
Hib can be diagnosed via antigen detection for
PRP
33
Hib is grown on _____ agar
chocolate
34
Hib requires media containing
NAD (factor V) Hemattin (factor X)
35
Hib can be grown on blood agar with ________ due to its ____ hemolytic properties
S. aureus; beta
36
NTHi lacks
a capsule
37
NTHi is a common cause of [3 diseases]
otitis media sinusitis pneumonia
38
NTHi causes a _______ spread
localized
39
is penicillin a good treatment for H. Flu?
no, growing resistance
40
treatment for invasive H. flu (menigitis)
ceftriaxone
41
pseudomonas is gram
negative
42
is pseudomonas motile?
yes
43
what is the oxygen dependency of pseudomonas?
obligate aerobes
44
where is pseudomonas found?
everywhere; ubiquitous
45
common nosocomial pathogen
psuedomonas
46
pseudomonas commonly infects [4]
skin, pulmonary, outer ear, eye
47
capsule of pseudomonas aeruginosa is called
alginate
48
what contributes to the antibiotic resistance of . aeruginosa?
alginate capsule antiphagocytic and adhesive
49
alginate is made of
polymer of mannuronic and glucuronic acid
50
in virtro p. aeruginosa is
smooth and pigmented Flagella +, pilli +, alginate negative
51
in a CF lung, P. aeruginosa is
mucoid colonies of highly encapsulated bacteria Flagella-, Pili-, Alginate+
52
production of alginate is
highly regulated, environmental
53
alginate is produced at high levels
in CF lungs
54
P. aeruginosa: Exotoxin A
ADP ribosylates EF-2 affecting protein synthesis AB toxin
55
P. aeruginosa: Exotoxin S
T3SS, blocks phagocytosis
56
P. aeruginosa: Exotoxin U
cytotoxic to macrophages
57
P. aeruginosa elastase
degrades elastin regulated by quorum sensing
58
P. aeruginosa: infections in otherwise healthy
hot tub folliculitis otitis externa "swimmer's ear" eye infection related trauma
59
default treatment of P. aeruginosa
ear drops
60
if the TM is ruptured
no neomycin eardrops
61
P. aeruginosa otitis externa prevention
alcohol ear drops
62
in diabetic, P. aeruginosa can cause _________ which spreads to surrounding tissues
malignant otitis externa
63
when would you expect to see pseudomonas colonize a wound in a burn patient?
>2 weeks later
64
P. aeruginosa is extremely prevalent in what patient population?
Cystic fibrosis
65
P. aeruginosa can form a ________
biofilm
66
CF antibiotic therapies select for
highly resistant organisms
67
80-90% of CF patients are colonized with P.A by age
3
68
symptoms of P.A. pneumonia
fever, chills, dyspnea, cyanosis, productive cough
69
What patient populations are most as risk for P.A. pneumonia?
ICU patients and nursing home residents
70
P.A. is catalase
positive
71
P.A is oxidase
positive
72
what color colonies are associated with P.A?
blue-gree
73
what is the blue antibiotic pigment in P.A.
pyocyanin **cytotoxic, causes oxidative stress
74
P.A.: Fluroscein is what color
yellow
75
fruity smell (grapes, tortillas)
P.A.
76
Pyocyanin causes
low ATP low NADPH
77
because pyocyanin causes oxidative stress, it greatly affects what cell type
neutrophils
78
initial empiric combination treatment for P.A
antipseudomonal B-lactam + B-lactamase inhibitor + aminoglycoside (ex. piperacillin, tazobactam, and tobramycin)
79
P.A. monotherapy is based on
local susceptibility patterns
80
last resort for P.A.
colistin (solubilizes bacterial membrane)

IBI Test 2 (14 decks)

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