B2 Plant Cell Organisation (page 39)

Question 1

What are Plant Cells organised into?

Answer 1

Tissues and Organs

Question 2

What are plants made from?

Answer 2

Organs, like stems, roots and leaves

Question 3

Plant organs work together to make what?

Answer 3

organ systems.

Question 4

What are plant Organ systems?

Answer 4

they can perform the various tasks that a plant needs to carry out to survive and grow.

e.g. transporting substances around the plant.

Question 5

What are plant organs made of?

Answer 5

tissues.

Question 6

Name the plant tissues (organs are made from)?

Answer 6

Epidermal Tissue
Palisade mesophyll tissue
spongy mesophyss tissue
xylem
phloem
meristerm tissue.

Question 7

What is the Epidermal Tissue is of the plant?

Answer 7

This covers the whole plant

Question 8

What is Palisade Mesophyll Tissue of the plant?

Answer 8

this is the part of the leaf where most photosynthesis happens.

Question 9

What is Spongy Mesophyll Tissue of the plant?

Answer 9

this is also in the leaf, and contains big air spaces to allow gasses to diffuse in and out of cells.

Question 10

What is Xylem and Phloem of the plant?

Answer 10

they transport things like water, mineral ions and food around the plant (through the roots, stems and leaves - see page 40 for more information).

Question 11

What is the Meristem tissue of a plant?

Answer 11

This is found at the growing tips of shoots and roots and is able to differentiate (change) into lots of different types of plant cell, allowing the plant to grow.

Question 12

The Leaf of a plant is an Organ, made up of what?

Answer 12

several types of tissue.

leaves contain

epidermal
mesophyl (middle of the leaf)
xylem
phloem tissues

(look at diagram on page 39 of the tissue structure of a leaf - you need to know how the structures of the tissues that make up the leaf are related to their function).

Question 13

What is the epidermal tissues covered with, and why?

Answer 13

they are covered with a waxy cuticle, which helps to reduce water loss by evaporation.

Question 14

What is the upper epidermis for?

Answer 14

it is transparent so that light can pass through it to the palisade layer.

Question 15

What is the palisade layer?

Answer 15

it has lots of chloroplasts (little structures where photosynthesis takes place), this means that they’re near the top of the leaf where they can get the most light.

Question 16

What is the Xylem and Phloem for?

Answer 16

it is a network of vascular bundles, which deliver water and other nutrients to the entire leaf and take away the glucose produced by photosynthesis. (they also help support the structure).

Question 17

The tissues of leaves are also adapted for efficient gas exchange, explain the process of this?

Answer 17

the lower epidermis is full of little holes called stomata, which let CO2 diffuse directly into the leaf. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells in response to environmental conditions. The air spaces in the spongy measophyl tissue increase the rate of diffusion of gasses.

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of meristem tissue? (2 marks)

Answer 18

Meristem tissue is found at the growing tips of root and shoots (1 mark). and is able to differentiate into lots of different types of plant cell (1 mark).