B2 More on Enzymes and Digestion (page 28)

Question 1

The Breakdown of food is catalysed by what?

Answer 1

Enzymes.

Question 2

Enzymes used in the digestive system are produced by what cells, and where are they found in the body?

Answer 2

they are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the gut lining.

Question 3

Do different or the same enzymes catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules?

Answer 3

they are different enzymes that breakdown different food molecules.

Question 4

Where would you find the salivary glands?

Answer 4

in your jaw

Question 5

What do the salivary glands produce?

Answer 5

amylase enzyme in the saliva.

Question 6

What is the gullet (oesophagus)?

Answer 6

the passage by which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 7

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 7

the stomach sits in your upper abdomen on the left side of your body. (see diagram on page 28)

Question 8

What do the stomach do?

Answer 8

it pummels the food with its muscular walls (this helps to break down food into smaller pieces)

Question 9

What enzyme do the stomach produce?

Answer 9

it produces the protease enzyme , pepsin

(protease is an enzyme which breaks down proteins and peptides)

Question 10

What acid is produced from the stomach and why?

Answer 10

it produces hydrochloric acid, to kill bacteria and to give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2 - acidic)

Question 11

Where is the Liver in the body?

Answer 11

The liver is your largest internal organ, (about the size of a football), it is located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen.

Question 12

What is produced in the Liver?

Answer 12

Bile

Question 13

What is Bile?

Answer 13

it neutralises stomach acid and emulsfies (breaks down) fats.

Question 14

Where is the gall bladder in the body?

Answer 14

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver.

Question 15

Where is Bile stored?

Answer 15

in the gall bladder, before it is released into the small intestine.

Question 16

Where is your pancreas in the body?

Answer 16

The pancreas is a leaf shaped organ tucked under the liver, close to the gallbladder, stomach and bowel. It is part of the digestive system. (the pancreas lies across your body just behind your stomach. it is about 15cm long.

Question 17

What enzymes do the pancreas produce?

Answer 17

it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. it releases these into the small intestine.

Question 18

Where is the small intestine in the body?

Answer 18

The small intestine connects the stomach and the colon. It is coiled inside the lower abdominal cavity beneath the stomach.

Question 19

What enzymes do the small intestine produce?

Answer 19

Protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion.

This is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood.

Question 20

Where is the Large intestine in the body?

Answer 20

the large intestine is in your lower abdominal cavity from your waise down. It surrounds the small intestine in a sort of square question mark shape, with the tail of the question mark ending at the anal canal.

Question 21

What are the Large intestines for?

Answer 21

This is where excess water is absorbed from the food.

Question 22

Where is the Rectum located in the body?

Answer 22

The rectum is a chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine, immediately following the sigmoid colon, and ends at the anus.

Question 23

What is the Rectum for?

Answer 23

The Rectum is where the faeces (poop) made up mainly of indigestible food are stored before they bid you a fond farewell through the anus.

Question 24

Name the three parts of the digestive system that produce protease enzymes? (3 marks)

Answer 24

Stomach (1 mark), pancreas (1 mark), small intestine (1 mark). (please look at diagram on page 28).