B2 More on Enzymes and Digestion (page 28) Flashcards
The Breakdown of food is catalysed by what?
Enzymes.
Enzymes used in the digestive system are produced by what cells, and where are they found in the body?
they are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the gut lining.
Do different or the same enzymes catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules?
they are different enzymes that breakdown different food molecules.
Where would you find the salivary glands?
in your jaw
What do the salivary glands produce?
amylase enzyme in the saliva.
What is the gullet (oesophagus)?
the passage by which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
Where is the stomach located?
the stomach sits in your upper abdomen on the left side of your body. (see diagram on page 28)
What do the stomach do?
it pummels the food with its muscular walls (this helps to break down food into smaller pieces)
What enzyme do the stomach produce?
it produces the protease enzyme , pepsin
(protease is an enzyme which breaks down proteins and peptides)
What acid is produced from the stomach and why?
it produces hydrochloric acid, to kill bacteria and to give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2 - acidic)
Where is the Liver in the body?
The liver is your largest internal organ, (about the size of a football), it is located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen.
What is produced in the Liver?
Bile
What is Bile?
it neutralises stomach acid and emulsfies (breaks down) fats.
Where is the gall bladder in the body?
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver.
Where is Bile stored?
in the gall bladder, before it is released into the small intestine.
Where is your pancreas in the body?
The pancreas is a leaf shaped organ tucked under the liver, close to the gallbladder, stomach and bowel. It is part of the digestive system. (the pancreas lies across your body just behind your stomach. it is about 15cm long.
What enzymes do the pancreas produce?
it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. it releases these into the small intestine.
Where is the small intestine in the body?
The small intestine connects the stomach and the colon. It is coiled inside the lower abdominal cavity beneath the stomach.
What enzymes do the small intestine produce?
Protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion.
This is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood.
Where is the Large intestine in the body?
the large intestine is in your lower abdominal cavity from your waise down. It surrounds the small intestine in a sort of square question mark shape, with the tail of the question mark ending at the anal canal.
What are the Large intestines for?
This is where excess water is absorbed from the food.
Where is the Rectum located in the body?
The rectum is a chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine, immediately following the sigmoid colon, and ends at the anus.
What is the Rectum for?
The Rectum is where the faeces (poop) made up mainly of indigestible food are stored before they bid you a fond farewell through the anus.
Name the three parts of the digestive system that produce protease enzymes? (3 marks)
Stomach (1 mark), pancreas (1 mark), small intestine (1 mark). (please look at diagram on page 28).
