B2 - Organs and systems

Question 1

Types of tissue

Answer 1

• muscular
• glandular (secrets enzymes and hormones)
• epithelial

Question 2

Amylase

Answer 2

Starch into sugars
made in -salivary glands
-pancreas
-small intestine

Question 3

Protease

Answer 3

Proteins to amino acids
Made in the stomach (called pepsin)
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 4

Lipase

Answer 4

Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

made in pancreas and small intestine

Question 5

Where are enzymes used in the digestive system produced?

Answer 5

by specialised cells in glands and gut lining

Question 6

What is peristalsis?

Answer 6

When food is moved through the digestive system by contractions of muscles in walls

Question 7

Route of digestive system

Answer 7

• salivary glands
• oesophagus
• stomach (liver + gall bladder)
• pancreas
• small intestine
• large intestine
• rectum

Question 8

Why HCl in stomach?

Answer 8

kill bacteria and optimum for protease

Question 9

Liver function

Answer 9

bile is produced that neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 10

Gall bladder function

Answer 10

Bile is stored before being released into small intestine

Question 11

Function of pancreas

Answer 11

produces protease, amylase and lipase before releasing into small intestine

Question 12

Large intestine function

Answer 12

water is absorbed from undigested food

Question 13

Function of small intestine

Answer 13

Food absorbed into blood

Question 14

Inspiration explanation

Answer 14

intercostal and diaphragm contract
thorax volume increases
air pressure decreases

Question 15

How do artificial ventilators work?

Answer 15

pump air into lungs
expand ribcage
can cause damage (e.g. burst alveoli)

Question 16

How did artificial ventilators used to work?

Answer 16

giant case from neck to abdomen, with head poking out
Air pumped out of cases, pressure dropped and lungs expanded vice versa
could interfere with blood flow

Question 17

Why do arteries have a big lumen?

Answer 17

help blood flow despite lower pressure

Question 18

What is a clot?

Answer 18

mesh of protein fibres (fibrin fibres) formed when platelets encounter damaged vessels

Question 19

What does too much clotting cause?

Answer 19

Deep vein thrombosis and strokes

Question 20

What drugs reduce blood clotting?

Answer 20

Warafin, heparin and aspirin

Question 21

What is haemophilia?

Answer 21

genetic condition where blood doesn’t clot easily because a clotting factor can’t be made, this can be injected

Question 22

What are the different blood groups?

Answer 22

A, B, O, AB

Question 23

What do blood group letters refer to?

Answer 23

type of antigen on a persons RBC.

Question 24

Which antigens do RBC have?

Answer 24

A or B or both or neither

Question 25

which antibodies does blood plasma contain?

Answer 25

Anti-A or anti-B

Question 26

When does agglutination happen?

Answer 26

When an anti-A antibody meets an A antigen

Question 27

What are echocardiograms

Answer 27

Ultrasound scans of the heart
can show:
-enlarged heart which would indicate heart failure
-decreased pumping ability (could indicate cardiomyopathy)
-valve function