B2 - Organs and systems Flashcards
Types of tissue
- muscular
- glandular (secrets enzymes and hormones)
- epithelial
Amylase
Starch into sugars
made in -salivary glands
-pancreas
-small intestine
Protease
Proteins to amino acids
Made in the stomach (called pepsin)
Pancreas
Small intestine
Lipase
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
made in pancreas and small intestine
Where are enzymes used in the digestive system produced?
by specialised cells in glands and gut lining
What is peristalsis?
When food is moved through the digestive system by contractions of muscles in walls
Route of digestive system
- salivary glands
- oesophagus
- stomach (liver + gall bladder)
- pancreas
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
Why HCl in stomach?
kill bacteria and optimum for protease
Liver function
bile is produced that neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
Gall bladder function
Bile is stored before being released into small intestine
Function of pancreas
produces protease, amylase and lipase before releasing into small intestine
Large intestine function
water is absorbed from undigested food
Function of small intestine
Food absorbed into blood
Inspiration explanation
intercostal and diaphragm contract
thorax volume increases
air pressure decreases
How do artificial ventilators work?
pump air into lungs
expand ribcage
can cause damage (e.g. burst alveoli)
How did artificial ventilators used to work?
giant case from neck to abdomen, with head poking out
Air pumped out of cases, pressure dropped and lungs expanded vice versa
could interfere with blood flow
Why do arteries have a big lumen?
help blood flow despite lower pressure
What is a clot?
mesh of protein fibres (fibrin fibres) formed when platelets encounter damaged vessels
What does too much clotting cause?
Deep vein thrombosis and strokes
What drugs reduce blood clotting?
Warafin, heparin and aspirin
What is haemophilia?
genetic condition where blood doesn’t clot easily because a clotting factor can’t be made, this can be injected
What are the different blood groups?
A, B, O, AB
What do blood group letters refer to?
type of antigen on a persons RBC.
Which antigens do RBC have?
A or B or both or neither
