B1.3 - Respiration

Question 1

What is a macronutrient?

Answer 1

A type of food group required in large amounts by the human body

Question 2

What are our macronutrients?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism, including respiration

Question 4

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 4

The rate at which the body uses energy

Question 5

Carbohydrates are organic molecules that all contain …

Answer 5

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 6

Monosaccharides are …

Answer 6

The individual molecules (monomers) that build carbohydrates such as:

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 7

Disaccharides can be formed from …

Answer 7

Two monosaccharides such as:

Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose
Glucose + glucose = maltose

Question 8

Carbohydrates are normally stored as …

Answer 8

Polysaccharides such as:
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 9

Proteins are organic molecules that all contain…

Answer 9

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 10

Proteins are made from…

Answer 10

About 20 amino acid monomers

Question 11

Amino acids are linked together by…

Answer 11

Peptide bonds to form polypeptides which form proteins

Question 12

What is protease?

Answer 12

The enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 13

What is anabolism?

Answer 13

Biosynthesis, the building up of larger molecules from small molecules

Question 14

What is catabolism?

Answer 14

Biodegradation, the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 15

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism

Answer 15

Anabolism builds up larger molecules from smaller molecules, whereas catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 16

What enzyme breaks down maltose?
And what does maltose break down into?

Answer 16

Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose and glucose

Question 17

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?
And what does sucrose break down into?

Answer 17

Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 18

What enzyme breaks down lactose?
And what does lactose break down into?

Answer 18

Lactase breaks down lactose into galactose and glucose

Question 19

What does the amylase enzyme catalyse?

Answer 19

The breakdown of the polysaccharide starch into the disaccharide maltose

Question 20

Lipids are energy dense organic molecules that all contain…

Answer 20

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 21

What molecules are lipids made from?

Answer 21

One glycerol molecule
Three fatty acid molecules

Question 22

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 22

Lipase

Question 23

What is the main substrate of cellular respiration in animals?

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 24

C6H12O6+O2 ->CO2+H2O+ATP

Question 25

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 25

Glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 26

How is respiration an oxidation reaction?

Answer 26

Oxygen is used to react with glucose to release energy in the form of ATP

Question 27

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 27

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 28

Aerobic respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that can be divided into three main stages:

Answer 28

1. Link reaction - Occurs in the matrix
2. The Krebs cycle - Occurs in the matrix
3. Electron transport chain - Occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.