B1.3 - Respiration Flashcards
What is a macronutrient?
A type of food group required in large amounts by the human body
What are our macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism, including respiration
What is metabolic rate?
The rate at which the body uses energy
Carbohydrates are organic molecules that all contain …
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Monosaccharides are …
The individual molecules (monomers) that build carbohydrates such as:
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Disaccharides can be formed from …
Two monosaccharides such as:
Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose
Glucose + glucose = maltose
Carbohydrates are normally stored as …
Polysaccharides such as:
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Proteins are organic molecules that all contain…
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
Proteins are made from…
About 20 amino acid monomers
Amino acids are linked together by…
Peptide bonds to form polypeptides which form proteins
What is protease?
The enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids
What is anabolism?
Biosynthesis, the building up of larger molecules from small molecules
What is catabolism?
Biodegradation, the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism builds up larger molecules from smaller molecules, whereas catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules
What enzyme breaks down maltose?
And what does maltose break down into?
Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose and glucose
What enzyme breaks down sucrose?
And what does sucrose break down into?
Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose
What enzyme breaks down lactose?
And what does lactose break down into?
Lactase breaks down lactose into galactose and glucose
What does the amylase enzyme catalyse?
The breakdown of the polysaccharide starch into the disaccharide maltose
Lipids are energy dense organic molecules that all contain…
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What molecules are lipids made from?
One glycerol molecule
Three fatty acid molecules
What enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase
What is the main substrate of cellular respiration in animals?
Glucose
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6+O2 ->CO2+H2O+ATP
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
How is respiration an oxidation reaction?
Oxygen is used to react with glucose to release energy in the form of ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Aerobic respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that can be divided into three main stages:
- Link reaction - Occurs in the matrix
- The Krebs cycle - Occurs in the matrix
- Electron transport chain - Occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.