B1.1 - Cell Structures Flashcards
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms consisting of cells in which the genetic material is contained within the nucleus in the form of DNA
What are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Genetic material is mainly within the cytoplasm
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause diseases
What are the pili and their function?
Tiny hairlike structures
Helps attach to surfaces and transfer genetic material
What is a slime capsule and its function?
Layer outside the cell wall
Protects from drying out and poisons
Also to stick to smooth surfaces.
What are plasmids and their function?
Circular pieces of DNA used to store extra genes
Not needed daily but during times of survival for antibiotic resistance
What are flagella and their function?
Tail-like structures
Allows the cell to move through lipids
What are ribosomes and their function?
Ribosomes are tiny granules on the membranes in the cytoplasm where proteins are made
What do each of the letters in MRS GREN represent?
M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Sensitivity
G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion
N - Nutrition
They represent all the 7 life processes that all living things go through
How big are eukaryotic cells normally?
10 - 100 micrometres
How big are prokaryotic cells normally?
0.1 - 5 micrometres
What is the nucleus and its function?
Controls the cell and contains genetic material, determining its appearance and function
What is the cytoplasm and its function?
Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place
What is the mitochondria and its function?
Where respiration takes place
Releases energy for the cell
What is the cell membrane and its function
Delicate surface membrane made of two layers of phospholipid
Holds the cell together
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
