B1.2 - What Happens In Cells?

Question 1

What is the main component of the nucleus?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What is DNA?

Answer 3

DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid, the genetic material found within the nucleus of every one of your cells
It is a biological polymer made from nucleotide monomers

Question 4

What is the genome?

Answer 4

All the genetic material present in an organism

Question 5

What is transcription?

Answer 5

. DNA unzips to allow mRNA to use it as a template to make a copy of a section which codes for a specific protein.
Once copied the mRNA detaches and leaves the nucleus and the DNA zips back up.

Question 6

Each nucleotide consists of

Answer 6

1 phosphate backbone
1 pentose sugar
1 organic base

Question 7

What are the two main parts of protein synthesis?

Answer 7

Transcription and translation

Question 8

What is translation?

Answer 8

The process by which mRNA is read by the nucleus in groups of three ‘codons’, to produce a protein. During translation tRNA molecules are attracted to their complementary bases upon the mRNA bringing specific amino acids with them that join together into a chain to form a protein.

Question 9

What happens if an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 9

• The structure of the protein that forms the enzyme has been altered due to high heat or a change in pH.
• The change in shape affects the active site
• The substrate can no longer bind with the enzyme

Question 10

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 10

DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose.