B1.3 - Respiration

Question 1

uses of energy

Answer 1

• muscle contraction
• protein synthesis - enzymes, hormones
• cell division - growth
• active transport
• transmission of nerve impulses
• maintaining a constant body temp

Question 2

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

a chemical reaction, continuously occurring in all living cells that supplies ATP
- exothermic - releases heat

Question 3

where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 3

mitochondria - O2 used to break down glucose to release energy

Question 4

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –>6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (as ATP)

Question 5

what is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 5

the chemical reactions in cells that breakdown glucose and release energy without using O2
- releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic

Question 6

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 6

glucose –> lactic acid + energy

C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3 + energy

Question 7

yeast is a single-celled….

Answer 7

…. fungus

Question 8

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 8

fermentation

Question 9

fermentation equation (anaerobic respiration in yeast)

Answer 9

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 10

What are we made of?

Answer 10

biological molecules - carbs, fats, proteins

Question 11

how are biological molecules taken into the body & used?

Answer 11

DIGEST - ABSORB - BUILD

1. enzymes break down polymers (large molecules) into monomers (small molecules)
2. monomers can now be absorbed into blood
3. monomers are built back up into polymers in body
   - molecules used in reactions in body -metabolism

Question 12

carbohydrates uses

Answer 12

• substrates in respiration
• energy stores
• cellulose - structural in cell walls

Question 13

what does amylase do?

Answer 13

its a carbohydrase enzyme - breaks starch down into glucose

Question 14

proteins uses

Answer 14

• growth + repair
• makes enzymes
• can be used in respiration

Question 15

what are proteins?

Answer 15

long chain molecules made up of smaller basic units (monomers) called amino acids
- protein = polymer, amino acids = monomers

Question 16

what does protease do?

Answer 16

digest proteins to amino acids - e.g. pepsin

Question 17

lipids uses

Answer 17

• as an energy store
• in cell membranes
• hormones
• elec and thermal insulation

Question 18

what do lipids contain?

Answer 18

• 2 types of monomers - glycerol + fatty acids

- lipids are long chains

Question 19

what does lipase do?

Answer 19

digest lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

what can fatty acids and glycerol be assimilated into?

Answer 20

lipids