B1.2.2 - Transcription And Translation Flashcards
Why can DNA not leave the nucleus?
It is too big
What is mRNA?
A copy of the DNA, on a single strand
What is the process of producing DNA called?
Transcription
Describe the steps in transcription
The DNA around a gene unzips so the strands are separated.
One of the DNA strands act as a template.
Complementary bases attach to the strand being copied.
This forms mRNA.
When done, the mRNA detaches itself from the strand and the DNA joins back together.
What is the one base that is missing in mRNA and what is it replaced with?
Thymine, replaced by Uracil
Which subcellular structure does mRNA travel to?
The ribosomes
Where are ribosomes?
In the cytoplasm
What are proteins made of?
Different amino acids
What determines the type and order of the amino acids?
The order of the nucleotides
What determines what different proteins are made?
The type and order of amino acids
What is the process of making protein called?
Translation
Describe the steps of translation
The mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
Then the nucleotide sequence is interpreted and the new protein is made.
The ribosome reads the nucleotides in the mRNA in groups of 3.
It continues.
Every triplet codes for a protein. The amino acids add up and become a protein.
What is a codon/base triplet?
The triplet of nucleotides that the ribosome reads of the mRNA
Give examples of proteins that can be produced
Enzymes
Hormones
