B1.2.1 - DNA Flashcards
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
The nucleus
What is a chromosome?
A long molecule of DNA
How many chromosomes are there in each of your cells?
46
How many chromosomes do chickens have?
78
How many chromosomes do you inherit from your parents?
Half from each of them
What are the only organisms that share the same DNA?
Identical twins / clones
What is DNA arranged in?
Small sections
What are the short sections in DNA that code for a characteristic called?
Genes
What does a code that a gene contains create?
Specific proteins
What do the proteins made from the codes in genes determine?
How the cell functions
What binds to oxygen in red blood cells in order for it to be transported around the body?
Protein haemoglobin
What do the genes in an organism control?
What an organism looks like and how it functions
What is DNA made of?
2 strands
What are the strands in DNA joined by?
Bases
What shape do the strands in DNA form when twisted together?
Double helix
What are the monomers in DNA?
Nucleotides
Why is DNA a polymer?
It is made up of many monomers
What are nucleotides made of?
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Base
What are the 4 bases in nucleotides called?
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
How do the strands of DNA hold together?
The bases from each strand bond with the bases on the other strand
What is a base pair?
A pair of bases joined together, each from a different strand of the same DNA
What is complementary base pairing?
The process of bases from different strands of the same DNA bonding together
What does adenine combine with?
Thymine
What does cytosine combine with?
Guanine
