B1.2 Proteins SL

Question 1

what is a generic amino acid made of?

Answer 1

amino group, carboxyl group, R-group

Question 2

what bonds are in amino acid?

Answer 2

covalent bonds

Question 2

what determines whether an amino acid is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 2

polarity

Question 2

what is the process that causes the formation of dipeptide?

Answer 2

condensation

bind 2 amino acids together

Question 2

how many different R groups are there?

Answer 2

20, differs in each of the 20 amino acids

Question 2

if an amino acid is polar, is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 2

hydrophilic

Question 3

what is the name of the bond in dipeptide?

Answer 3

peptide bond

Question 3

if an amino acid is non-polar, is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 3

hydrophobic

Question 3

outline the building up steps of proteins

Answer 3

amino acid (monomer) → dipeptide → oligopeptide (3-9) → polypeptide (polymer)

Question 3

is protein denaturation reversible?

Answer 3

its usually irreversible

Question 3

what is protein denaturation?

Answer 3

Heat causes increased kinetic energy and stronger vibrations that break intermolecular bonds; extreme pH affects the positive and negative charges on the R-groups of the amino acids, causing the breaking of ionic bonds within the protein and new ionic bonds being formed.

Both of these would alter the 3D structure of a protein, making it lose its function.

Question 4

proteins are folded into 2 types of proteins, what are they?

Answer 4

fibrous proteins or globular proteins

Question 5

are fibrous proteins soluble in water?

Answer 5

insoluble

Question 6

uses of fibrous proteins

Answer 6

structural (support, strength), elastic (e.g. skin)

Question 7

examples of fibrous proteins

Answer 7

• keratin (hair, nails)
• elastic (skin)
• collagen (tissue strengthening)
• proteome ←→ genome

Question 8

are globular proteins soluble?

Answer 8

can be soluble

Question 9

usage of globular proteins?

Answer 9

functional (e.g. enzymes, antibodies), transport (e.g. K+/Na+ pumps)

Question 9

examples of globular proteins

Answer 9

• functional (enzymes, antibodies)
• amylase (digests starch)
• insulin (blood sugar regulation)
• haemoglobin
• immunoglobulins (antibodies)
• transport (K+/Na+ pumps)